National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)
The National Leprosy Eradication Programme is a centrally sponsored health scheme under the National Health Mission. Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Key Strategies
- Early Detection: Regular screening through ASHAs and focus on Active Case Detection and Regular Surveillance (ACDRS).
- MDT (Multi-Drug Therapy): The standard treatment to prevent drug resistance and ensure cure.
- Disability Prevention: Prevention of Grade 2 Disabilities (visible deformities) through early treatment and self-care education.
- Stigma Reduction: IEC activities to combat social discrimination against affected individuals.
Exam Essentials
| Concept | Definition/Classification |
|---|---|
| Elimination Status | India achieved national-level elimination (< 1 case per 10,000 population) in 2005. |
| Classification | Paucibacillary (PB): 1–5 skin lesions; Multibacillary (MB): >5 skin lesions. |
High-Yield Exam Pearl:
- MDT Regimens: PB cases treated for 6 months; MB cases treated for 12 months.
- Surveillance: Leprosy is not “eradicated” (zero incidence); it is “eliminated” (public health problem level).
- Diagnosis: Cardinal signs = Hypopigmented/anesthetic skin patches + Thickened peripheral nerves + Skin smear positive for AFB.