Medical postgraduate candidates can utilize this structured revision roadmap to prepare for NEET PG, INI-CET, and NEXT exams. The course condenses the 19-subject syllabus into high-probability concepts and core clinical patterns, targeting the specific requirements of the final preparation phase.
The curriculum emphasizes active recall and interdisciplinary clinical vignettes over traditional textbook reading. Students engage with image-based questions and conceptual bridges that mirror current exam cycles, enabling focused review of the most relevant material during their final study period.
Curriculum
- 19 Sections
- 6 Lessons
- 10 Weeks
Expand all sectionsCollapse all sections
- IN01 Anatomy173
- 1.1Heart morphogenesis
- 1.2Heart embryology
- 1.3Fetal-postnatal derivatives
- 1.4Fetal circulation
- 1.5Heart anatomy
- 1.6Pericardium
- 1.7Coronary blood supply
- 1.8Thyroid development
- 1.9Pituitary gland
- 1.10Adrenal cortex and medulla
- 1.11Endocrine pancreas cell types
- 1.12Tongue development
- 1.13Normal gastrointestinal embryology
- 1.14Ventral wall defects
- 1.15Congenital umbilical hernia
- 1.16Tracheoesophageal anomalies
- 1.17Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- 1.18Intestinal atresia
- 1.19Pancreas and spleen embryology
- 1.20Retroperitoneal structures
- 1.21Important gastrointestinal ligaments
- 1.22Digestive tract anatomy
- 1.23Digestive tract histology
- 1.24Abdominal aorta and branches
- 1.25Nutcracker syndrome
- 1.26Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
- 1.27Gastrointestinal blood supply and innervation
- 1.28Celiac trunk
- 1.29Portosystemic anastomoses
- 1.30Pectinate line
- 1.31Liver tissue architecture
- 1.32Biliary structures
- 1.33Femoral region
- 1.34Inguinal canal
- 1.35Myopectineal orifice
- 1.36Hernias
- 1.37Fetal erythropoiesis
- 1.38Blood groups
- 1.39Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- 1.40Hematopoiesis
- 1.41Neutrophils
- 1.42Erythrocytes
- 1.43Thrombocytes (platelets)
- 1.44Monocytes
- 1.45Macrophages
- 1.46Dendritic cells
- 1.47Eosinophils
- 1.48Basophils
- 1.49Mast cells
- 1.50Lymphocytes
- 1.51Natural killer cells
- 1.52B cells
- 1.53T cells
- 1.54Plasma cells
- 1.55Immune system organs
- 1.56Lymph node
- 1.57Lymphatic drainage associations
- 1.58Spleen
- 1.59Thymus
- 1.60Upper extremity nerves
- 1.61Rotator cuff muscles
- 1.62Arm abduction
- 1.63Brachial plexus lesions
- 1.64Wrist region
- 1.65Hand muscles
- 1.66Distortions of the hand
- 1.67Knee exam
- 1.68Actions of hip muscles
- 1.69Lower extremity nerves
- 1.70Ankle sprains
- 1.71Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy
- 1.72Neurovascular pairing
- 1.73Neural development
- 1.74Regionalization of neural tube
- 1.75Central and peripheral nervous systems origins
- 1.76Neural tube defects
- 1.77Brain malformations
- 1.78Posterior fossa malformations
- 1.79Syringomyelia
- 1.80Kidney embryology
- 1.81Potter sequence
- 1.82Horseshoe kidney
- 1.83Congenital solitary functioning kidney
- 1.84Duplex collecting system
- 1.85Posterior urethral valves
- 1.86Vesicoureteral reflux
- 1.87Renal blood flow
- 1.88Glomerular anatomy
- 1.89Course of ureters
- 1.90Early embryonic development
- 1.91Embryologic derivatives
- 1.92Teratogens
- 1.93Types of errors in morphogenesis
- 1.94Fetal alcohol syndrome
- 1.95Neonatal abstinence syndrome
- 1.96Placenta
- 1.97Amniotic fluid
- 1.98Twinning
- 1.99Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
- 1.100Umbilical cord
- 1.101Urachus
- 1.102Vitelline duct
- 1.103Pharyngeal apparatus
- 1.104Pharyngeal cleft derivatives
- 1.105Pharyngeal pouch derivatives
- 1.106Pharyngeal arch derivatives
- 1.107First and second pharyngeal arch syndromes
- 1.108Orofacial clefts
- 1.109Genital embryology
- 1.110Sexual differentiation
- 1.111Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies
- 1.112Male/female genital homologs
- 1.113Congenital penile abnormalities
- 1.114Descent of testes and ovaries
- 1.115Drainage of reproductive organs
- 1.116Female reproductive anatomy
- 1.117Adnexal torsion
- 1.118Pelvic organ prolapse
- 1.119Female reproductive epithelial histology
- 1.120Male reproductive anatomy
- 1.121Genitourinary trauma
- 1.122Autonomic innervation of male sexual response
- 1.123Seminiferous tubules
- 1.124Lung development
- 1.125Choanal atresia
- 1.126Lung malformations
- 1.127Club cells
- 1.128Alveolar cell types
- 1.129Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- 1.130Respiratory tree
- 1.131Lung anatomy
- 1.132Diaphragm structures
- 1.133Cells of the nervous system
- 1.134Sensory receptors
- 1.135Peripheral nerve
- 1.136Neuronal response to axonal injury
- 1.137Neurotransmitter changes with disease
- 1.138Meninges
- 1.139Blood-brain barrier
- 1.140Vomiting center
- 1.141Hypothalamus
- 1.142Thalamus
- 1.143Limbic system
- 1.144Cerebellum
- 1.145Basal ganglia
- 1.146Cerebral cortex regions
- 1.147Homunculus
- 1.148Cerebral arteries—cortical distribution
- 1.149Circle of Willis
- 1.150Dural venous sinuses
- 1.151Ventricular system
- 1.152Brainstem—ventral view
- 1.153Brainstem—dorsal view (cerebellum removed)
- 1.154Cranial nerve nuclei
- 1.155Vagal nuclei
- 1.156Brainstem cross sections- Midbrain
- 1.157Brainstem cross sections- Pons
- 1.158Brainstem cross sections- Medulla
- 1.159Cranial nerves and vessel pathways
- 1.160Cranial nerves and arteries
- 1.161Cranial nerves
- 1.162Cranial nerve reflexes
- 1.163Mastication muscles
- 1.164Spinal nerves
- 1.165Spinal cord—lower extent
- 1.166Conus medullaris and cauda equina syndrome
- 1.167Spinal cord levels and associated tracts
- 1.168Spinal tract anatomy and functions
- 1.169Landmark dermatomes
- 1.170Auditory anatomy
- 1.171Normal eye anatomy
- 1.172Aqueous humor pathway
- 1.173Ocular motility
- IN02 Anesthesia20
- 2.1Types of Anaesthesia
- 2.2Difference between GA and LA
- 2.3Spinal Anaesthesia
- 2.4Epidural Anaesthesia
- 2.5Intravenous GA
- 2.6Inhalational GA
- 2.7Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Including Neuromuscular Blockers)
- 2.8Local Anaesthesia
- 2.9LA Toxicity
- 2.10Monitoring In Anesthesia
- 2.11Types of equipment and Anaesthesia Machine
- 2.12IV Fluids
- 2.13Blood Transfusion
- 2.14Oxygen Therapy
- 2.15Endotracheal Intubation Indications
- 2.16Caudal Block
- 2.17Preparation of Patient for Anaesthesia
- 2.18Brain Death
- 2.19Stages of Anaesthesia
- 2.20Resuscitation Protocol
- IN03 Biochemistry137
- 3.1Chromatin structure
- 3.2Nucleotides
- 3.3De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis
- 3.4Purine salvage deficiencies
- 3.5Genetic code features
- 3.6DNA replication
- 3.7DNA repair
- 3.8Mutations in DNA
- 3.9Lac operon
- 3.10Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene
- 3.11Regulation of gene expression
- 3.12RNA processing (eukaryotes)
- 3.13RNA polymerases
- 3.14Introns vs exons
- 3.15Splicing of pre-mRNA
- 3.16tRNA
- 3.17Start and stop codons
- 3.18Protein synthesis
- 3.19Posttranslational modifications
- 3.20Chaperone protein
- 3.21Cell cycle phases
- 3.22Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- 3.23Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- 3.24Cell trafficking
- 3.25Peroxisome
- 3.26Proteasome
- 3.27Cytoskeletal elements
- 3.28Microtubule
- 3.29Cilia structure
- 3.30Primary ciliary dyskinesia
- 3.31Sodium-potassium pump
- 3.32Collagen
- 3.33Collagen synthesis and structure
- 3.34Osteogenesis imperfecta
- 3.35Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- 3.36Menkes disease
- 3.37Elastin
- 3.38Marfan syndrome
- 3.39Homocystinuria
- 3.40Polymerase chain reaction
- 3.41CRISPR/Cas9
- 3.42Blotting procedures
- 3.43Flow cytometry
- 3.44Microarrays
- 3.45Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- 3.46Karyotyping
- 3.47Fluorescence in situ hybridization
- 3.48Molecular cloning
- 3.49Gene expression modifications
- 3.50Genetic terms
- 3.51Population genetics
- 3.52Hardy-Weinberg principle
- 3.53Disorders of imprinting
- 3.54Modes of inheritance
- 3.55Autosomal dominant diseases
- 3.56Autosomal recessive diseases
- 3.57Cystic fibrosis
- 3.58X-linked recessive diseases
- 3.59Muscular dystrophies
- 3.60Mitochondrial diseases
- 3.61Rett syndrome
- 3.62Fragile X syndrome
- 3.63Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases
- 3.64Autosomal trisomies
- 3.65Genetic disorders by chromosome
- 3.66Robertsonian translocation
- 3.67Cri-du-chat syndrome
- 3.68Williams syndrome
- 3.69Essential fatty acids
- 3.70Vitamins: fat soluble
- 3.71Vitamins: water soluble
- 3.72Dietary supplementation
- 3.73Vitamin A
- 3.74Vitamin B1
- 3.75Vitamin B2
- 3.76Vitamin B3
- 3.77Vitamin B5
- 3.78Vitamin B6
- 3.79Vitamin B7
- 3.80Vitamin B9
- 3.81Vitamin B12
- 3.82Vitamin C
- 3.83Vitamin D
- 3.84Vitamin E
- 3.85Vitamin K
- 3.86Zinc
- 3.87Protein-energy malnutrition
- 3.88Ethanol metabolism
- 3.89Enzyme terminology
- 3.90Rate-determining enzymes of metabolic processes
- 3.91Metabolic compartmentation
- 3.92Summary of pathways
- 3.93Activated carriers
- 3.94Universal electron acceptors
- 3.95Hexokinase vs glucokinase
- 3.96Glycolysis regulation
- 3.97Regulation by fructose-2,6- bisphosphate
- 3.98Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- 3.99Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
- 3.100Pyruvate metabolism
- 3.101TCA cycle
- 3.102Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
- 3.103Gluconeogenesis, irreversible enzymes
- 3.104Pentose phosphate pathway
- 3.105Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3.106Disorders of fructose metabolism
- 3.107Disorders of galactose metabolism
- 3.108Sorbitol
- 3.109Lactase deficiency
- 3.110Amino acids
- 3.111Urea cycle
- 3.112Transport of ammonia by alanine
- 3.113Hyperammonemia
- 3.114Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
- 3.115Amino acid derivatives
- 3.116Catecholamine synthesis/tyrosine catabolism
- 3.117Phenylketonuria
- 3.118Maple syrup urine disease
- 3.119Alkaptonuria
- 3.120Homocystinuria
- 3.121Cystinuria
- 3.122Organic acidemias
- 3.123Glycogen regulation by insulin and glucagon/epinephrine
- 3.124Glycogen
- 3.125Glycogen storage diseases
- 3.126Lysosomal storage diseases
- 3.127Fatty acid metabolism
- 3.128Ketone bodies
- 3.129Fed vs. Fasted State in Adipocytes
- 3.130Metabolic fuel use
- 3.131Fasting and starvation
- 3.132Lipid transport
- 3.133Key enzymes in lipid transport
- 3.134Major apolipoproteins
- 3.135Lipoprotein functions
- 3.136Abetalipoproteinemia
- 3.137Familial dyslipidemias
- IN04 Community Medicine172
- 4.1PQLI
- 4.2HDI
- 4.3Spectrum of Health
- 4.4Determinants of Health
- 4.5Indicators of Health
- 4.6Disability rates
- 4.7Healthcare Delivery Indicators
- 4.8Levels of Healthcare
- 4.9Epidemiological triad- The triangle
- 4.10Multifactorial causation
- 4.11The web of causation
- 4.12Natural History of Disease
- 4.13Risk factors
- 4.14Iceberg of disease
- 4.15Concept of Prevention
- 4.16Modes of Intervention
- 4.17Water
- 4.18Air Pollution
- 4.19Disposal of wastes
- 4.20Septic tank
- 4.21Modern sewage treatment
- 4.22Principles of arthropod control
- 4.23Mosquitoes- Anopheles vs Aedes
- 4.24Oxidation pool
- 4.25Fly control measures
- 4.26Classification of insecticides
- 4.27Overcrowding Indices of thermal comfort
- 4.28Communication process
- 4.29Types and barriers of communication
- 4.30Functions of health communication
- 4.31Health Education- Define, Aims & Objectives
- 4.32Approach to health education
- 4.33Education vs Propaganda
- 4.34Practice of health education
- 4.35Principles of health education
- 4.36Proteins
- 4.37Iron (Complete)
- 4.38Iodine (Complete)
- 4.39Nutritional problems in public health- Undernutrition
- 4.40Lathyrism
- 4.41Assessment of nutritional status
- 4.42Milk Hygiene
- 4.43Food toxicants
- 4.44Food additives
- 4.45Food fortification
- 4.46Food adulteration
- 4.47Community nutrition programmes
- 4.48Presentation of statistical data (Complete)
- 4.49Measures of Central Tendency
- 4.50Measures of dispersion
- 4.51Normal distribution – standard normal distribution
- 4.52Sampling methods
- 4.53Null & Alternative hypotheses
- 4.54Chi-square test
- 4.55Name of Epidemiologist
- 4.56Mortality rates and ratios
- 4.57Descriptive Epidemiology
- 4.58Case-control study
- 4.59Cohort Study
- 4.60Cohort vs case-control studies
- 4.61RCT- methods, types, Randomisation
- 4.62Association & Causation- types
- 4.63Dynamics of transmission
- 4.64Modes of transmission- Classification
- 4.65Incubation period, Generation time, Serial interval, communicable period
- 4.66Secondary attack rate
- 4.67Herd immunity
- 4.68National Immunisation Schedule
- 4.69Disinfection
- 4.70Investigation of an epidemic
- 4.71Screening of Disease-Complete criteria for screening
- 4.72Millennium Development Goals- MDG, SDG
- 4.73Chickenpox
- 4.74Tuberculosis (Complete)
- 4.75Diphtheria- Immunisation
- 4.76Meningococcal meningitis
- 4.77Hepatitis B
- 4.78Diarrhoea
- 4.79Malaria
- 4.80Typhoid
- 4.81Investigation of food poisoning
- 4.82Tetanus
- 4.83Leprosy
- 4.84AIDS (Complete)
- 4.85Coronary heart disease and risk factors
- 4.86Oral Cancer
- 4.87Diabetes Mellitus
- 4.88Obesity
- 4.89Blindness- causes and prevention
- 4.90Family Planning
- 4.91Contraception- Classification, barrier methods, IUDs, Hormonal pills
- 4.92MTP
- 4.93Post coital contraception
- 4.94Pearl Index
- 4.95Health Delivery System
- 4.96Community- Assessment approach
- 4.97Occupational Hazards
- 4.98Occupational diseases
- 4.99Lead poisoning
- 4.100Pneumoconiosis
- 4.101Silicosis
- 4.102Anthracosis
- 4.103Sickness absenteeism
- 4.104Health problems due to industrialisation
- 4.105Health protection of workers
- 4.106Ergonomics
- 4.107Genotype, Phenotype
- 4.108Sickle cell anaemia
- 4.109Advances in human genetics
- 4.110Health promotional measures
- 4.111Genetic Counselling
- 4.112Early diagnosis and treatment- Amniocentesis
- 4.113MCH problems
- 4.114Antenatal care (Complete)
- 4.115Child health problems
- 4.116Indicators of MCH
- 4.117Post-natal care
- 4.118Preterm babies and causes
- 4.119Kangaroo mother care
- 4.120Growth chart & uses
- 4.121Health problems of the aged
- 4.122Define- Disaster, Hazard
- 4.123Disaster Cycle
- 4.124Triage
- 4.125Floods
- 4.126Earthquakes
- 4.127Man-made disaster
- 4.128Define- Biomedical waste
- 4.129Healthcare waste generation
- 4.130Health hazards of healthcare waste
- 4.131Collection, treatment, processing, and disposal of BMW
- 4.132Characteristics of a mentally healthy person
- 4.133Warning signals of poor mental health
- 4.134Types and causes of mental health illness
- 4.135Alcoholism
- 4.136Drug addiction and dependence
- 4.137Drug Addiction-Preventive Measures
- 4.138Planning- Define, Objective, Goal,
- 4.139Target Management- Define, Techniques, Network analysis, PPBS
- 4.140National Health Policy 2015
- 4.141Health committee- Bhore (1946), Mudaliar (1962)
- 4.142Panchayat Raj
- 4.143Evaluation of Health Services
- 4.144National vector-borne disease control programme: Malaria, Kala-azar, Dengue
- 4.145NLEP
- 4.146RNTCP
- 4.147NACP
- 4.148National Programme for the control of blindness
- 4.149RMNCH+ A
- 4.150Health problems
- 4.151Healthcare systems
- 4.152Subcentres Type A vs Type B
- 4.153PHC – functions CHC
- 4.154Health for all
- 4.155Duties of a Medical Officer
- 4.156Anganwadi worker
- 4.157ASHA foundation
- 4.158HWM – functions
- 4.159Voluntary Health Agencies – functions
- 4.160ANM – functions
- 4.161Role of emotions in health & medicine
- 4.162Defense mechanism
- 4.163Types of Family
- 4.164Functions of Family
- 4.165Family in health and disease
- 4.166Cultural factors in health and disease
- 4.167Consumer Protection Act
- 4.168World Health Organisation
- 4.169UNICEF
- 4.170Rockefeller foundation
- 4.171Ford Foundation
- 4.172World Health Day
- IN05 Dermatology92
- 5.1Structure of Hair
- 5.2Basics of Dermatology
- 5.3Structure of Epidermis and Dermis
- 5.4Cells of Epidermis
- 5.5Drug Eruptions
- 5.6Lepra Reactions
- 5.7Photosensitivity
- 5.8DDs of Bullous Lesions
- 5.9Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections
- 5.10Angioedema
- 5.11Sebaceous Gland
- 5.12Blistering Disorders
- 5.13Chemical Peeling
- 5.14Pigmentary Disorders
- 5.15Structure of Sweat Glands and Related Disorders
- 5.16Skin Lesions
- 5.17Acne Vulgaris pathogenesis & treatment
- 5.18Deep Folliculitis and Cellulitis
- 5.19Mucocutaneous Manifestations of SLE
- 5.20Basement Membrane Zone
- 5.21Dermis and Subcutaneous Layer
- 5.22Bacterial Infections
- 5.23Fungal Infections
- 5.24Mycobacterial Infections
- 5.25Viral Infections
- 5.26Patch Test
- 5.27Pemphigus Vulgaris
- 5.28Oral Retinoids in Acne
- 5.29Erythema Multiforme
- 5.30Kaposi Sarcoma
- 5.31Lichen Planus
- 5.32Tinea Infections
- 5.33STDs
- 5.34Papulosquamous Disorders
- 5.35Skin Tumors
- 5.36Secondary Syphilis
- 5.37Hepatic Fibrosis
- 5.38Skin Lesions in Systemic Diseases
- 5.39Allergic Dermatitis
- 5.40Pigmentation
- 5.41Ulcers
- 5.42Vesicollous Disorders
- 5.43Scleroderma
- 5.44Urticaria
- 5.45Alopecia
- 5.46Clear Fluid Lesions
- 5.47Secondary Skin Lesions
- 5.48Nikolsky Sign
- 5.49Pemphigus Vulgaris
- 5.50Tzanck Smear
- 5.51Bullous Pemphigoid
- 5.52Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- 5.53Anogenital Warts
- 5.54Syphilis
- 5.55Chancroid Donovanosis
- 5.56Lymphogranuloma Venereum
- 5.57Telogen Effluvium
- 5.58Nail Psoriasis
- 5.59Genital Herpes Simplex
- 5.60Psoriasis and its Treatment
- 5.61Scabies
- 5.62Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- 5.63Atopic
- 5.64Eczema
- 5.65Pityriasis Rosea
- 5.66Kerion
- 5.67Sporotrichosis aka Rose Gardener’s Disease
- 5.68Papulonecrotic Tuberculid
- 5.69Mid-Borderline Leprosy
- 5.70Chromoblastomycosis
- 5.71Lupus Vulgaris
- 5.72Scrofuloderma
- 5.73Hansen’s Disease
- 5.74Verruca Vulgaris
- 5.75Melasma
- 5.76Mongolian Spot
- 5.77HPV Infections
- 5.78Molluscum Contagiosum
- 5.79Nevus of Ota
- 5.80Piebaldism
- 5.81Segmental Vitiligo
- 5.82Malignant Melanoma
- 5.83Basal Cell Carcinoma
- 5.84Phrynoderma
- 5.85Pellagra
- 5.86Acanthosis Nigricans
- 5.87GI Adenocarcinoma
- 5.88Glucagonoma
- 5.89Carpet Tack Sign
- 5.90CA Lung
- 5.91Discoid LE
- 5.92Dermatomyositis
- IN06 Ear, Nose & Throat101
- 6.1Tympanic Membrane
- 6.2Middle ear
- 6.3Physiology of hearing
- 6.4Physiology of Vestibular system
- 6.5Rinne’s test
- 6.6Schwabach’s & Weber’s test
- 6.7Pure tone audiometry
- 6.8Tympanometry
- 6.9Auditory brainstem response
- 6.10Conductive Hearing loss
- 6.11SNHL
- 6.12Ototoxicity
- 6.13Spontaneous Nystagmus
- 6.14Romberg’s test
- 6.15Fistula test
- 6.16Gait
- 6.17Dix Hallpike
- 6.18Caloric test
- 6.19Vertigo
- 6.20Otitis externa
- 6.21Malignant otitis externa
- 6.22Otomycosis
- 6.23Impacted wax
- 6.24Foreign bodies in ear
- 6.25Keratosis obturans
- 6.26Acute Suppurative Otitis Media (ASOM)
- 6.27Otitis media with effusion (OME)
- 6.28Otic barotrauma
- 6.29Cholesteatoma
- 6.30Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)
- 6.31Tuberculous osteomyelitis
- 6.32Mastoiditis
- 6.33Periostitis
- 6.34Extradural abscess
- 6.35Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis
- 6.36Otosclerosis
- 6.37Facial nerve and Bell’s palsy
- 6.38Ménière disease
- 6.39Acoustic neuroma
- 6.40Hearing loss in children (Deaf Child)- causes, evaluation, management
- 6.41Rehabilitation- Hearing aids classification
- 6.42BAHA
- 6.43Cochlear implants
- 6.44Otalgia- causes
- 6.45Ant lat wall of nose
- 6.46Nasal septum
- 6.47Furuncle of nose
- 6.48Deviated nasal septum (DNS)
- 6.49Nasal septal hematoma
- 6.50Perforated septum
- 6.51Atrophic rhinitis
- 6.52Rhinoscleroma
- 6.53Rhinosporidiosis
- 6.54Nasal myiasis
- 6.55Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea
- 6.56Allergic rhinitis
- 6.57Nasal Polyps
- 6.58Epistaxis
- 6.59Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS)
- 6.60Chronic rhinosinusitis (with and without polyps)
- 6.61CA maxillary sinus
- 6.62Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
- 6.63Pleomorphic adenoma
- 6.64Adenoids
- 6.65Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
- 6.66Nasopharyngeal cancer
- 6.67Acute tonsillitis chronic tonsillitis
- 6.68Ludwig angina, Retropharyngeal abscess, Quinsy, Parapharyngeal abscess
- 6.69Snoring
- 6.70Sleep apnea
- 6.71Spaces of larynx
- 6.72Laryngotracheal trauma
- 6.73Stridor
- 6.74Laryngeal paralysis
- 6.75Vocal polyp
- 6.76Laryngeal cancer
- 6.77Vocal rehabilitation
- 6.78Hoarseness
- 6.79Tracheostomy
- 6.80FB- air passages
- 6.81Constrictions + Physio deglutition
- 6.82Dysphagia
- 6.83FB in oesophagus
- 6.84Laser
- 6.85HIV in ENT
- 6.86Caldwell–Luc operation
- 6.87Laser submucosal resection (SMR)
- 6.88Septoplasty
- 6.89SMR vs Septoplasty
- 6.90Diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE)
- 6.91Laryngoscopy
- 6.92Esophagoscopy
- 6.93Bronchoscopy
- 6.94Tonsillectomy
- 6.95Adenoidectomy
- 6.96Mastoiditis
- 6.97Periostitis
- 6.98Epidural abscess
- 6.99Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis
- 6.100Radiological views in ENT
- 6.101ENT Signs
- IN07 Forensic Medicine122
- 7.1Functions of MCI
- 7.2Functions of SMC
- 7.3Professional Misconduct and Penal Erasure
- 7.4Professional Negligence and Infamous Misconduct
- 7.5Consent
- 7.6Civil and Criminal Negligence
- 7.7Res Ipsa Loquitur
- 7.8Defenses against negligence
- 7.9Transplantation of Human Organ Act, 1994
- 7.10Consumer Protection Act, 1986
- 7.11Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
- 7.12Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012
- 7.13The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
- 7.14Inquest
- 7.15Courts of Law
- 7.16Dying Declaration and Dying Deposition
- 7.17Exceptions to Oral Evidence
- 7.18Duties of a doctor in the witness box
- 7.19Capital Punishment
- 7.20Homicide
- 7.21Type of Evidence and Witness Homicide
- 7.22Cephalic index
- 7.23Intersex
- 7.24Age determination by dentition, x-rays, and mandible
- 7.25Gustafson’s method
- 7.26MLI of age
- 7.27MLI of scar, tattoo marks
- 7.28Dactylography
- 7.29Fingerprint Identification
- 7.30Difference between antemortem and PM clot
- 7.31Autopsy
- 7.32Exhumation
- 7.33Delusion
- 7.34Hallucination
- 7.35Impulse
- 7.36Difference between psychosis and neurosis
- 7.37Lucid interval
- 7.38Schizophrenia
- 7.39Testamentary capacity
- 7.40Section 84 IPC
- 7.41Somnambulism
- 7.42Impotence, Sterility, Frigidity, Quod
- 7.43Vaginismus
- 7.44Artificial Insemination
- 7.45Surrogate mother
- 7.46Erectile dysfunction and sterility in males
- 7.47Impotence and sterility in females
- 7.48Hymen
- 7.49Difference between true virgin and false virgin
- 7.50Presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy
- 7.51Superfecundation and superfetation and their MLI
- 7.52Difference between nulliparous and parous uterus
- 7.53Classification of sexual offences
- 7.54Section 375 IPC
- 7.55Punishment of rape 376 IPC
- 7.56Examination of rape victim/survivor
- 7.57Locard’s exchange principle
- 7.58Sodomy/Buggery
- 7.59Tribadism/Lesbianism
- 7.60Sexual paraphilias types
- 7.61Exhibitonism, frotteurism/toucherism
- 7.62Seminal strains test
- 7.63Grievous hurt, section 320 IPC
- 7.64Joule burn
- 7.65Classification of thermal injuries
- 7.66Heat hyperpyrexia/Heat stroke
- 7.67Burns
- 7.68Difference between pugilistic attitude and rigor mortis
- 7.69Skull fractures
- 7.70Extradural/Epidural hematoma
- 7.71Bullet types
- 7.72Components of gun powder
- 7.73Abrasion
- 7.74Contusion
- 7.75Laceration
- 7.76Ectopic/Migratory bruise
- 7.77Fabricated/forged wounds
- 7.78Intracranial hemorrhages
- 7.79Cold injuries- frostbite
- 7.80Would ballistics
- 7.81Asphyxia Causes/Classification of asphyxia deaths
- 7.82Lynching
- 7.83Difference between hanging and strangulation
- 7.84Cafe coronary syndrome
- 7.85Post-mortem examination of a drowning case
- 7.86Diatom test
- 7.87Sexual asphyxia
- 7.88Rigor mortis/Stiffness of death
- 7.89Cadaveric spasm
- 7.90Heat stiffening
- 7.91Order of putrefaction
- 7.92Mummification
- 7.93Brain stem death
- 7.94Death: Cause, manner and mode
- 7.95Sudden death
- 7.96Tache noire
- 7.97Hydrostatic test
- 7.98Cause of infant death
- 7.99Shaken baby syndrome or infantile whiplash syndrome
- 7.100Difference between live born, dead born, and stillborn fetus
- 7.101Hydrostatic test
- 7.102Section 284 IPC
- 7.103Classification of poison
- 7.104Organophosphorus compounds poisoning
- 7.105Alphos poisoning
- 7.106Vitriolage
- 7.107Chronic arsenic poisoning
- 7.108Hydragyrism
- 7.109Phossy jaw/Lucifer’s jaw/Glass jaw
- 7.110Sui
- 7.111Difference between true and artificial bruise
- 7.112Signs and symptoms of Ophitoxemia
- 7.113Snake poisoning
- 7.114Widmark’s formula
- 7.115LSD
- 7.116Date rape drugs
- 7.117Poat-mortem artefacts
- 7.118Transportation injuries
- 7.119Confirmatory tests for blood
- 7.120Medico-legal application of blood groups
- 7.121Section 85 IPC
- 7.122Precipitin methods
- IN08 Internal Medicine446
- 8.1Hiatal Hernia
- 8.2Achalasia
- 8.3Esophageal Cancer
- 8.4Esophageal Spasm
- 8.5Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- 8.6Infectious Esophagitis
- 8.7Rings and Webs
- 8.8Zenker Diverticulum
- 8.9Scleroderma
- 8.10Mallory-Weiss Tear
- 8.11Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
- 8.12Epigastric Pain
- 8.13Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- 8.14Barrett Esophagus
- 8.15Gastritis
- 8.16Peptic Ulcer Disease
- 8.17Gastric Ulcers
- 8.18Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia
- 8.19Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)
- 8.20Diabetic Gastroparesis
- 8.21Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- 8.22Ischemic Colitis
- 8.23Variceal Bleeding
- 8.24Esophageal and Gastric Varices
- 8.25Diarrhea
- 8.26Malabsorption
- 8.27Chronic Pancreatitis
- 8.28Carcinoid Syndrome
- 8.29Lactose Intolerance
- 8.30Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 8.31Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 8.32Short Bowel Syndrome
- 8.33Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
- 8.34Microscopic Colitis
- 8.35Diverticular Disorders
- 8.36Colon Cancer Screening
- 8.37Screening with a Family History of Colon Cancer
- 8.38Other Polyposis Syndromes
- 8.39Acute Pancreatitis
- 8.40Autoimmune (IgG4-Related) Pancreatitis
- 8.41Pancreatic Cancer
- 8.42Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
- 8.43Liver Disease
- 8.44Ascites
- 8.45Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis
- 8.46Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
- 8.47Alcoholic Liver Disease
- 8.48Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)
- 8.49Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- 8.50Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
- 8.51Hemochromatosis
- 8.52Chronic Hepatitis B and C
- 8.53Chronic Hepatitis C
- 8.54Wilson Disease
- 8.55Autoimmune Hepatitis
- 8.56Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
- 8.57Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score
- 8.58Benign Liver Lesions
- 8.59Pituitary Incidentaloma
- 8.60Empty Sella Syndrome
- 8.61Panhypopituitarism
- 8.62Posterior Pituitary
- 8.63Diabetes Insipidus
- 8.64Acromegaly
- 8.65Hyperprolactinemia
- 8.66Gynecomastia
- 8.67Hypothyroidism
- 8.68Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
- 8.69Hyperthyroidism
- 8.70Thyroid Nodules
- 8.71Hypercalcemia
- 8.72Hyperparathyroidism
- 8.73Hypocalcemia
- 8.74Paget Disease of Bone
- 8.75Hypercortisolism
- 8.76Evaluation of Adrenal “Incidentaloma”
- 8.77Hypoadrenalism
- 8.78Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- 8.79Pheochromocytoma
- 8.80Insulinoma
- 8.81Glucagonoma
- 8.82VIPoma
- 8.83Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
- 8.84Hypoglycemia
- 8.85Diabetes Mellitus
- 8.86Type 1 DM
- 8.87Type 2 DM
- 8.88Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- 8.89Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (NKHS)
- 8.90Health Maintenance
- 8.91Complications of Diabetes
- 8.92Hirsutism and Virilization
- 8.93Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- 8.94Syncope
- 8.95Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- 8.96Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease
- 8.97Family History in CAD
- 8.98Hyperlipidemia
- 8.99Chest pain
- 8.100Electrocardiogram
- 8.101Cardiac enzymes
- 8.102Stress (Exercise Tolerance) Testing
- 8.103Coronary Angiography
- 8.104Holter Monitoring
- 8.105Antiplatelet Therapy
- 8.106ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
- 8.107Beta Blockers
- 8.108Lipid Management
- 8.109Other Lipid-Lowering Therapies
- 8.110PCSK9 Inhibitors
- 8.111Calcium Channel Blockers
- 8.112Ranolazine
- 8.113Revascularization
- 8.114Acute Coronary Syndromes
- 8.115ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 8.116Angioplasty versus Thrombolytics
- 8.117ST Segment Depression ACS
- 8.118Treatment Differences between Cardiac Events
- 8.119Acute Coronary Syndromes Treatment Algorithm
- 8.120Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
- 8.121Bradycardia
- 8.122Tachycardia
- 8.123Preparation for Discharge from Hospital
- 8.124Congestive Heart Failure
- 8.125Congestive Heart Failure Investigations
- 8.126CHF Diagnostic Tests
- 8.127CHF Treatment
- 8.128Acute Pulmonary Edema
- 8.129Valvular Heart Disease
- 8.130Mitral Stenosis
- 8.131Aortic Stenosis
- 8.132Mitral Regurgitation
- 8.133Aortic Regurgitation
- 8.134Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- 8.135Mitral Valve Prolapse
- 8.136Cardiomyopathy
- 8.137Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- 8.138Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- 8.139Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- 8.140Myocarditis
- 8.141Pericardial Disease
- 8.142Pericarditis
- 8.143Pericardial Tamponade
- 8.144Constrictive Pericarditis
- 8.145Peripheral Artery Disease
- 8.146Aortic Disease
- 8.147Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
- 8.148Eisenmenger Syndrome
- 8.149Asthma
- 8.150Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 8.151Bronchiectasis
- 8.152Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
- 8.153Cystic Fibrosis
- 8.154Pneumonia
- 8.155Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia or Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
- 8.156Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- 8.157Pneumococcal Vaccination
- 8.158Lung Abscess
- 8.159Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- 8.160Tuberculosis
- 8.161Tuberculosis: Toxicity of Therapy
- 8.162Latent Tuberculosis Testing (IGRA and PPD)
- 8.163Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection
- 8.164Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
- 8.165Interstitial Lung Disease
- 8.166Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
- 8.167Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
- 8.168Eosinophilic Pneumonia
- 8.169Sarcoidosis
- 8.170Thromboembolic Disease
- 8.171Pulmonary Hypertension
- 8.172Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- 8.173Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)
- 8.174Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 8.175Staphylococcus
- 8.176Anaerobes
- 8.177Gram-Negative Bacilli
- 8.178ESBL-Producing Organisms
- 8.179Meningitis
- 8.180Encephalitis
- 8.181Influenza (The “Flu”)
- 8.182Infectious Diarrhea
- 8.183Hepatitis
- 8.184Chronic Hepatitis
- 8.185Urethritis
- 8.186Cervicitis
- 8.187Epididymitis
- 8.188Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- 8.189Ulcerative Genital Disease
- 8.190Syphilis
- 8.191Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)
- 8.192Pediculosis ( Crabs)
- 8.193Scabies
- 8.194Cystitis
- 8.195Pyelonephritis
- 8.196Acute Prostatitis
- 8.197Perinephric Abscess
- 8.198Endocarditis
- 8.199Lyme Disease
- 8.200Asymptomatic Tick Bite
- 8.201HIV/AIDS
- 8.202Coccidioidomycosis
- 8.203Histoplasmosis
- 8.204Blastomycosis
- 8.205Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)
- 8.206Invasive Aspergillosis
- 8.207Candida auris
- 8.208Cholera
- 8.209Malaria
- 8.210Mosquito-Transmitted Viral Syndromes
- 8.211Chikungunya
- 8.212Dengue
- 8.213Zika
- 8.214Ebola
- 8.215Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)
- 8.216Anthrax
- 8.217Babesiosis
- 8.218Bartonellosis
- 8.219Brucellosis
- 8.220Echinococcosis
- 8.221Ehrlichiosis (Monocytic) and Anaplasmosis (Granulocytic)
- 8.222Leptospirosis
- 8.223Leishmaniasis
- 8.224Plague
- 8.225Tularemia
- 8.226Anaphylaxis
- 8.227Angioedema
- 8.228Urticaria
- 8.229Allergic Rhinitis
- 8.230Common Variable Immunodeficiency
- 8.231X-linked ( Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia
- 8.232Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
- 8.233IgA Deficiency
- 8.234Hyper IgE Syndrome
- 8.235Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
- 8.236Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- 8.237Osteoarthritis
- 8.238Gout
- 8.239Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease, or “Pseudogout”
- 8.240Low Back Pain
- 8.241Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- 8.242Fibromyalgia
- 8.243Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- 8.244Dupuytren Contracture
- 8.245Rotator Cuff Injury
- 8.246Patellofemoral Syndrome
- 8.247Plantar Fasciitis
- 8.248Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 8.249Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis or Adult Still Disease
- 8.250Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 8.251Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- 8.252Scleroderma ( Systemic Sclerosis)/CREST
- 8.253CREST versus Scleroderma CREST syndrome
- 8.254Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
- 8.255Inclusion Body Myositis
- 8.256Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
- 8.257Sjögren Syndrome
- 8.258Polyarteritis Nodosa
- 8.259Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- 8.260Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- 8.261Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- 8.262Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- 8.263Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
- 8.264Cryoglobulinemia
- 8.265Behçet Syndrome
- 8.266Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
- 8.267Ankylosing Spondylitis
- 8.268Psoriatic Arthritis
- 8.269Reactive Arthritis ( Reiter Syndrome)
- 8.270Osteoporosis
- 8.271Septic Arthritis
- 8.272Prosthetic Joint Infection
- 8.273Gonococcal Arthritis ( Gonorrhea)
- 8.274Osteomyelitis
- 8.275Anemia
- 8.276Macrocytic Anemia
- 8.277Normocytic Anemia
- 8.278Microcytic Anemia
- 8.279Macrocytic Anemia
- 8.280Hemolytic Anemia
- 8.281Sickle Cell Disease
- 8.282Aplastic Crisis
- 8.283Sickle Cell Trait
- 8.284Hereditary Spherocytosis
- 8.285Autoimmune ( Warm or IgG) Hemolysis
- 8.286Cold Agglutinin Disease
- 8.287Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- 8.288Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- 8.289Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- 8.290Aplastic Anemia
- 8.291Polycythemia Vera
- 8.292Essential Thrombocytosis
- 8.293Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
- 8.294Systemic Mastocytosis
- 8.295Myelofibrosis
- 8.296Acute Leukemia
- 8.297Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- 8.298Leukostasis Reaction
- 8.299Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- 8.300Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- 8.301Hairy Cell Leukemia
- 8.302Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 8.303Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
- 8.304Hodgkin Disease
- 8.305Multiple Myeloma
- 8.306Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance
- 8.307Smoldering Myeloma
- 8.308Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
- 8.309Bleeding Disorders
- 8.310Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
- 8.311Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)
- 8.312Glanzmann Thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
- 8.313Hemophilia
- 8.314Factor XI Deficiency
- 8.315Factor XII Deficiency These patients
- 8.316Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 8.317Hypercoagulable States/ Thrombophilia
- 8.318Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- 8.319Antiphospholipid Syndromes
- 8.320Stroke
- 8.321Statins
- 8.322Evaluation of Causes of Stroke and Their Treatment
- 8.323Control of Risk Factors for Stroke
- 8.324Headache
- 8.325Abortive Therapy for Migraine and Cluster Headache
- 8.326Prophylactic (Preventive) Therapy for Migraine
- 8.327Headache Management
- 8.328Trigeminal Neuralgia
- 8.329Postherpetic Neuralgia
- 8.330Prevention of Herpes Zoster ( Shingles)
- 8.331Seizures
- 8.332Delirium, Stupor, and Coma
- 8.333Status Epilepticus
- 8.334Classification of Seizure Disorders
- 8.335Antiepileptic Drugs
- 8.336Choice of Antiepileptic Drugs
- 8.337Discontinuance of Medication
- 8.338Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- 8.339Electrocardiographic Findings with Intracranial Bleeding
- 8.340Treatment Intracranial Bleeding
- 8.341Cerebral Vein Thrombosis
- 8.342Anterior Spinal Artery Infarction
- 8.343Spinal Trauma
- 8.344Brown-Sequard Syndrome
- 8.345Syringomyelia
- 8.346Brain Abscess
- 8.347Tuberous Sclerosis
- 8.348Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen Disease)
- 8.349Sturge-Weber Syndrome
- 8.350Essential Tremor
- 8.351Parkinsonism
- 8.352Restless Leg Syndrome
- 8.353Huntington Disease
- 8.354Tourette Disorder
- 8.355Multiple Sclerosis
- 8.356Motor Neuron Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 8.357Pseudobulbar Affect
- 8.358Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- 8.359Peripheral Neuropathy
- 8.360Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
- 8.361Facial ( Seventh Cranial) Nerve Palsy or Bell Palsy
- 8.362Acute Inflammatory Polyneuropathy ( Guillain- Barré Syndrome)
- 8.363Miller-Fisher Syndrome
- 8.364Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS)
- 8.365Myasthenia Gravis
- 8.366Dementia
- 8.367Lewy Body Dementia
- 8.368Frontotemporal Dementia
- 8.369Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
- 8.370Preventing Falls
- 8.371Urinalysis
- 8.372Protein in urine
- 8.373White Blood Cells in urine
- 8.374Hematuria
- 8.375Casts
- 8.376Acute Kidney Injury
- 8.377Presentation of Postrenal Azotemia
- 8.378Drugs That Raise Creatinine in Normal Renal Function
- 8.379Tests for AKI of Unclear Etiology
- 8.380Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- 8.381When Is Dialysis the Answer?
- 8.382Hepatorenal Syndrome
- 8.383Atheroemboli
- 8.384Acute (Allergic) Interstitial Nephritis
- 8.385Analgesic Nephropathy
- 8.386Papillary Necrosis
- 8.387Differences between Pyelonephritis and Papillary Necrosis
- 8.388Summary of Tubular Disease
- 8.389Glomerular Diseases
- 8.390Goodpasture Syndrome
- 8.391IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)
- 8.392Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
- 8.393Alport Syndrome
- 8.394Polyarteritis Nodosa
- 8.395Lupus Nephritis
- 8.396Amyloidosis
- 8.397Nephrotic Syndrome
- 8.398End-Stage Renal Disease
- 8.399Manifestations of Renal Failure
- 8.400Treatment of the Manifestations of ESRD
- 8.401Complications of ESRD
- 8.402Kidney Transplantation
- 8.403Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
- 8.404Cystic Disease
- 8.405Polycystic Kidney Disease
- 8.406Hypernatremia
- 8.407Hyponatremia
- 8.408Hyperkalemia
- 8.409Hypokalemia
- 8.410Phosphate
- 8.411Renal Tubular Acidosis
- 8.412Distal RTA (Type I)
- 8.413Proximal RTA (Type II)
- 8.414Hyporeninemia, Hypoaldosteronism (Type IV RTA)
- 8.415Urine Anion Gap
- 8.416Metabolic Acidosis
- 8.417Metabolic Alkalosis
- 8.418Arterial Blood Gas in Metabolic Alkalosis
- 8.419Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
- 8.420Nephrolithiasis
- 8.421Long-Term Management of Nephrolithiasis
- 8.422Metabolic Acidosis and Stone Formation
- 8.423Hypertension
- 8.424HTN Drug Therapy
- 8.425Hypertensive Crisis
- 8.426Breast Cancer
- 8.427Mammography
- 8.428Breast Cancer Treatment
- 8.429Prostate Cancer
- 8.430Management That Is Definitely Not Beneficial in Prostate Cancer
- 8.431Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- 8.432Lung Cancer
- 8.433Ovarian Cancer
- 8.434Mediastinal Masses
- 8.435Mesothelioma
- 8.436Testicular Cancer
- 8.437Cervical Cancer
- 8.438Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea
- 8.439ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in CHF
- 8.440Beta Blockers in CHF
- 8.441Spironolactone in CHF
- 8.442Diuretics in CHF
- 8.443Digoxin in CHF
- 8.444Devices for CHF Treatment
- 8.445Transplantation in CHF
- 8.446Treatment of Diastolic Dysfunction (CHF with Preserved Ejection Fraction)
- IN09 Microbiology147
- 9.1Contributions of Louis Pasteur
- 9.2Important in microbiology
- 9.3Bacterial growth curve
- 9.4The steps of hand washing
- 9.5Steps of donning and doffing
- 9.6CAUTI and VAP
- 9.7Definitions of sterilization, disinfection, and cleaning
- 9.8Types of masks
- 9.9Autoclave
- 9.10ETO
- 9.11Disinfectants
- 9.12Color coding of dustbins
- 9.13Methods to test the efficacy of sterilant
- 9.14Definition and management of needle stick injury
- 9.15Bacterial structures
- 9.16Cell envelope Gram+ve Vs Gram -ve
- 9.17Stains
- 9.18Special culture requirements
- 9.19Anaerobes
- 9.20Intracellular bacteria
- 9.21Encapsulated bacteria
- 9.22Urease-positive organisms
- 9.23Catalase-positive organisms
- 9.24Pigment-producing bacteria
- 9.25In vivo biofilmproducing bacteria
- 9.26Spore-forming bacteria
- 9.27Bacterial virulence factors
- 9.28Antibiotic resistance mechanisms
- 9.29Bacterial genetics
- 9.30Exotoxins and endotoxins
- 9.31Bacteria with exotoxins
- 9.32Gram-positive lab algorithm
- 9.33Hemolytic bacteria
- 9.34Staphylococcus aureus
- 9.35Staphylococcus epidermidis
- 9.36Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- 9.37Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 9.38Viridans group streptococci
- 9.39Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci)
- 9.40Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
- 9.41Streptococcus gallolyticus
- 9.42Enterococci
- 9.43Bacillus anthracis
- 9.44Bacillus cereus
- 9.45Clostridioides difficile
- 9.46Clostridia Tetani, botulinism, perfringens
- 9.47Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- 9.48Listeria monocytogenes
- 9.49Nocardia vs Actinomyces
- 9.50Mycobacteria
- 9.51Tuberculosis
- 9.52Leprosy
- 9.53Gram-negative lab algorithm
- 9.54Neisseria
- 9.55Haemophilus influenzae
- 9.56Burkholderia cepacia complex
- 9.57Bordetella pertussis
- 9.58Brucella
- 9.59Legionella pneumophila
- 9.60Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 9.61Salmonella
- 9.62Shigella
- 9.63Salmonella vs Shigella
- 9.64Yersinia enterocolitica
- 9.65Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
- 9.66Escherichia coli
- 9.67Klebsiella
- 9.68Campylobacter jejuni
- 9.69Proteus mirabilis
- 9.70Vibrio cholerae
- 9.71Helicobacter pylori
- 9.72Spirochetes
- 9.73Lyme disease
- 9.74Leptospira interrogans
- 9.75Syphilis
- 9.76Diagnosing syphilis
- 9.77Chlamydiae
- 9.78Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
- 9.79Gardnerella vaginalis
- 9.80Zoonotic bacteria
- 9.81Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illnesses
- 9.82Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- 9.83Systemic mycoses
- 9.84Opportunistic fungal infections
- 9.85Pneumocystis jirovecii
- 9.86Sporothrix schenckii
- 9.87Protozoa—gastrointestinal infections
- 9.88Protozoa—CNS infections
- 9.89Protozoa—hematologic infections
- 9.90Protozoa—Visceral infections
- 9.91Protozoa—Sexually transmitted infections
- 9.92Nematode routes of infection
- 9.93Nematodes- Intestinal
- 9.94Nematodes- Tissue
- 9.95Cestodes
- 9.96Trematodes
- 9.97Ectoparasites
- 9.98Parasite hints
- 9.99Viral structure—general features
- 9.100Viral genetics
- 9.101Viral genomes
- 9.102Viral envelopes
- 9.103DNA viruses
- 9.104Herpesviruses
- 9.105HSV identification
- 9.106Receptors used by viruses
- 9.107RNA viruses
- 9.108Picornavirus
- 9.109Rhinovirus
- 9.110Rotavirus
- 9.111Influenza viruses
- 9.112Rubella virus
- 9.113Paramyxoviruses
- 9.114Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
- 9.115Measles (rubeola) virus
- 9.116Mumps virus
- 9.117Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
- 9.118Yellow fever virus
- 9.119Zika virus
- 9.120Rabies virus
- 9.121Ebola virus
- 9.122Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- 9.123Hepatitis viruses
- 9.124Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B and C
- 9.125Hepatitis serologic markers
- 9.126HIV
- 9.127HIV diagnosis
- 9.128Common diseases of HIV-positive adults
- 9.129Prions
- 9.130Normal microbiota
- 9.131Bugs causing foodborne illness
- 9.132Bugs causing diarrhea
- 9.133Common causes of pneumonia
- 9.134Pnemonia in other groups
- 9.135Common causes of meningitis
- 9.136Cerebrospinal fluid findings in meningitis
- 9.137Infections causing brain abscess
- 9.138Osteomyelitis
- 9.139Red rashes of childhood
- 9.140Urinary tract infections
- 9.141Common vaginal infections
- 9.142Sexually transmitted infections
- 9.143TORCH infections
- 9.144Pelvic inflammatory disease
- 9.145Healthcare-associated infections
- 9.146Bugs affecting unvaccinated children
- 9.147FUO
- IN10 Obstetrics and Gynaecology105
- 10.1Amenorrhea
- 10.2Dating Methods
- 10.3Trimester Breakdown
- 10.4Term Lengths
- 10.5Gravidity/ Parity
- 10.6Signs of Pregnancy
- 10.7Diagnostic Evaluation of pregnancy
- 10.8Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
- 10.9Prenatal Care: First Trimester
- 10.10Prenatal Care: Second Trimester
- 10.11Prenatal Care: Third Trimester
- 10.12Braxton-Hicks Contractions
- 10.13Chorionic Villus Sampling
- 10.14Amniocentesis
- 10.15Nonstress Test (NST)
- 10.16Biophysical Profile
- 10.17Electronic Fetal Monitoring
- 10.18Physiological Changes Before Labor
- 10.19Stages of labor
- 10.20Stage 1
- 10.21Stage 2
- 10.22Stage 3
- 10.23Induction of Labor
- 10.24Ectopic Pregnancy
- 10.25Abortion
- 10.26Recurrent Fetal Loss
- 10.27Multiple Gestations
- 10.28Preterm Labor
- 10.29Evaluation:Preterm Labor
- 10.30Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
- 10.31Chorioamnionitis or “Triple I”
- 10.32Placenta Previa
- 10.33Vasa Previa and Velamentous Cord Insertion
- 10.34Umbilical Cord Prolapse
- 10.35Placental Invasion (Accreta, Increta, Percreta)
- 10.36Placental Abruption
- 10.37Uterine Rupture
- 10.38Rh Incompatibility
- 10.39Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
- 10.40Intrauterine Growth Restriction
- 10.41Macrosomia
- 10.42Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- 10.43Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
- 10.44Acute Cystitis
- 10.45Acute Pyelonephritis
- 10.46Pulmonary Embolism and DVT in Pregnancy
- 10.47Cervical Cancer during Pregnancy
- 10.48PEP/PUPPP
- 10.49Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
- 10.50Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
- 10.51Hypertension
- 10.52Gestational Hypertension
- 10.53Eclampsia
- 10.54Preeclampsia
- 10.55HELLP Syndrome
- 10.56Pregestational Diabetes
- 10.57Gestational Diabetes
- 10.58Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy
- 10.59Prolonged Latent Stage
- 10.60Protracted Cervical Dilation
- 10.61Malpresentation
- 10.62Shoulder Dystocia
- 10.63Uterine Inversion
- 10.64Lactational Mastitis
- 10.65Postpartum Blues and Depression
- 10.66Postpartum Hemorrhage
- 10.67Breastfeeding
- 10.68Late Pregnancy Complications
- 10.69Infections in Pregnancy
- 10.70Breast Cysts
- 10.71Benign Breast Masses
- 10.72Breast Cancer
- 10.73Breast Cancer Screening
- 10.74BRCA Screening
- 10.75Malignant and Premalignant Breast Lesions
- 10.76Primary Amenorrhea
- 10.77Secondary Amenorrhea
- 10.78Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- 10.79Menopause
- 10.80Contraception
- 10.81Surgical sterilization
- 10.82Emergency Contraception
- 10.83Labial Fusion
- 10.84Epithelial Abnormalities
- 10.85Bartholin Gland Cyst
- 10.86Vaginitis
- 10.87Malignant Vulvar Disorders
- 10.88Cervicitis
- 10.89Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- 10.90Tubo-Ovarian Abscess (TOA)
- 10.91Fitz-Hugh and Curtis Syndrome
- 10.92Cervical Cancer Screening
- 10.93Abnormal Cervical Cancer
- 10.94HPV Prevention
- 10.95Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- 10.96Ovulatory Dysfunction
- 10.97Dysmenorrhea
- 10.98Postmenopausal Bleeding
- 10.99Endometrial Polyp
- 10.100Adenomyosis
- 10.101Leiomyoma
- 10.102Endometriosis
- 10.103Endometrial Hyperplasia/Carcinoma
- 10.104Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 10.105Ovarian Cancer
- IN11 Ophthalmology57
- 11.1Lens: Anatomy and Physiology of lens
- 11.2Cataract
- 11.3Types of Cataracts
- 11.4Cataract Surgeries, their procedure, and complications
- 11.5Hypopyon corneal ulcer
- 11.6Mycotic corneal ulcer
- 11.7Corneal ulcer
- 11.8Corneal opacities
- 11.9Congenital abnormalities of the Cornea
- 11.10Cornea degeneration
- 11.11Vision Assessment
- 11.12Strabismus to Amblyopia
- 11.13Chalazion
- 11.14Orbital Cellulitis
- 11.15Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
- 11.16Hypermetropia
- 11.17Myopia Scleritis and Episcleritis
- 11.18Hypertensive & Diabetic Retinopathy
- 11.19Red eye
- 11.20Anterior uveitis
- 11.21Hyphema
- 11.22Glaucoma
- 11.23Drugs: Pilocarpine Timolol Atropine Acyclovir Cyclopentolate
- 11.24Vitamin A
- 11.25Vision 2020
- 11.26Sudden loss of vision Retina: CRVO, CRAO, CME, CSR
- 11.27Retinoscopy
- 11.28Festooned pupil
- 11.29Retinal detachment
- 11.30Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- 11.31Ophthalmoscope
- 11.32Dry eye
- 11.33Penetrating keratoplasty
- 11.34Keratitis
- 11.35Bacterial conjunctivitis
- 11.36Allergic conjunctivitis-full
- 11.37Xerophthalmia
- 11.38Phlyctenular
- 11.39Keratoconjunctivitis
- 11.40Pterygium
- 11.41Trachoma
- 11.42Anterior uveitis
- 11.43Epiphora
- 11.44Chronic dacryocystitis
- 11.45Acute dacryocystitis
- 11.46Congenital dacryocystitis
- 11.47Optics
- 11.48Types of refractive errors
- 11.49Neuro-Ophthalmology
- 11.50Toxic Amblyopia
- 11.51Optic neuritis
- 11.52Squint: Paralytic squint, Concomitant squint
- 11.53White pupillary reflex
- 11.54Blowout fracture of the orbit
- 11.55Thyroid eye disease
- 11.56Blunt injury of the eye
- 11.57NBCP
- IN12 Orthopaedics41
- 12.1Joint infection- Septic arthritis
- 12.2Bone infection- osteomyelitis
- 12.3Skeletal Tuberculosis
- 12.4Benign Tumours
- 12.5Malignant Bone Tumours
- 12.6Cerebral palsy
- 12.7Poliomyelitis
- 12.8Peripheral Nerve Injury
- 12.9Brachial Plexus Injury
- 12.10Periosteal Reaction
- 12.11Osteomalacia
- 12.12Osteoporosis
- 12.13Osteopetrosis and Paget’s
- 12.14Achondroplasia
- 12.15Dislocation- Shoulder and Elbow
- 12.16Fractures- Clavicle, Humerus, Supracondylar humerus, Lateral condyle humerus, Colles and Carpo metacarpal injuries.
- 12.17Dislocations- Hip and Knee
- 12.18Fractures- Hip, Femur shaft, Patella, Tibia and Calcaneum.
- 12.19Paediatrics Orthopaedics
- 12.20CTEV
- 12.21Genu Varum
- 12.22Avascular Necrosis
- 12.23Polio
- 12.24Dupuytren’s contracture
- 12.25Osteoarthritis
- 12.26R.A and Ankylosing spondylitis
- 12.27Gout
- 12.28Prosthesis, orthoses and splints
- 12.29Orthopaedic implants
- 12.30Fracture of the spine
- 12.31Fracture pelvis
- 12.32Fracture acetabulum
- 12.33Fracture proximal femur
- 12.34Fracture shaft femur
- 12.35Fracture distal femur, patella and proximal tibia
- 12.36Fracture Tibia and Fibula
- 12.37Calcaneum and Foot Bones
- 12.38Fracture of the ankle
- 12.39Knee and ankle ligament injuries
- 12.40Miscellaneous Sports Injuries
- 12.41Rehabilitation
- IN13 Pathology314
- 13.1Cellular adaptations
- 13.2Cell injury
- 13.3Apoptosis
- 13.4Necrosis
- 13.5Ischemia
- 13.6Types of infarcts
- 13.7Free radical injury
- 13.8Ionizing radiation toxicity
- 13.9Types of calcification
- 13.10Psammoma bodies
- 13.11Amyloidosis
- 13.12Inflammation
- 13.13Acute phase reactants
- 13.14Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- 13.15Acute inflammation
- 13.16Leukocyte extravasation
- 13.17Chronic inflammation
- 13.18Wound healing
- 13.19Granulomatous inflammation
- 13.20Scar formation
- 13.21Neoplasia and neoplastic progression
- 13.22Tumor nomenclature
- 13.23Tumor grade vs stage
- 13.24Hallmarks of cancer
- 13.25Immune checkpoint interactions
- 13.26Cancer epidemiology
- 13.27Common metastases
- 13.28Oncogenes
- 13.29Tumor suppressor genes
- 13.30Carcinogens
- 13.31Oncogenic microbes
- 13.32Serum tumor markers
- 13.33Liquid biopsy
- 13.34Important immunohistochemical stains
- 13.35P-glycoprotein
- 13.36Paraneoplastic syndromes
- 13.37Normal aging
- 13.38Lipofuscin
- 13.39Congenital heart diseases R-L shunts
- 13.40Congenital heart diseases L-R shunts
- 13.41Coarctation of the aorta
- 13.42Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
- 13.43Congenital cardiac defect associations
- 13.44Hypertension
- 13.45Hyperlipidemia signs
- 13.46Atherosclerosis
- 13.47Cholesterol emboli syndrome
- 13.48Arteriolosclerosis
- 13.49Aortic aneurysm
- 13.50Traumatic aortic rupture
- 13.51Aortic dissection
- 13.52Subclavian steal syndrome
- 13.53Coronary artery disease
- 13.54Ischemic heart disease manifestations
- 13.55Evolution of myocardial infarction
- 13.56Diagnosis of myocardial infarction
- 13.57ECG localization of STEMI
- 13.58Narrow complex tachycardias
- 13.59Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- 13.60Wide complex tachycardias
- 13.61Hereditary channelopathies
- 13.62Sick sinus syndrome
- 13.63Conduction blocks
- 13.64Premature beats
- 13.65Myocardial infarction complications
- 13.66Acute coronary syndrome treatments
- 13.67Cardiomyopathies
- 13.68Heart failure
- 13.69High-output heart failure
- 13.70Shock
- 13.71Cardiac tamponade
- 13.72Pulsus paradoxus
- 13.73Syncope
- 13.74Infective endocarditis
- 13.75Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
- 13.76Rheumatic fever
- 13.77Syphilitic heart disease
- 13.78Acute pericarditis
- 13.79Constrictive pericarditis
- 13.80Kussmaul sign
- 13.81Myocarditis
- 13.82Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- 13.83Cardiac tumors
- 13.84Deep venous thrombosis
- 13.85Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
- 13.86Primary polydipsia and diabetes insipidus
- 13.87Hypopituitarism
- 13.88Acromegaly
- 13.89Hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism
- 13.90Hypothyroidism
- 13.91Hyperthyroidism
- 13.92Causes of goiter
- 13.93Thyroid adenoma
- 13.94Thyroid cancer
- 13.95Diagnosing parathyroid disease
- 13.96Hypoparathyroidism
- 13.97Lab values in hypocalcemic disorders
- 13.98Hyperparathyroidism
- 13.99Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
- 13.100Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.101Hyperglycemic emergencies
- 13.102Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus
- 13.103Cushing syndrome
- 13.104Adrenal insufficiency
- 13.105Hyperaldosteronism
- 13.106Neuroendocrine tumors
- 13.107Pheochromocytoma
- 13.108Multiple endocrine neoplasias
- 13.109Pancreatic islet cell tumors
- 13.110Carcinoid tumors
- 13.111Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- 13.112Oral pathologies
- 13.113Achalasia
- 13.114Other esophageal pathologies
- 13.115Barrett esophagus
- 13.116Esophageal cancer
- 13.117Gastritis
- 13.118Ménétrier disease
- 13.119Gastric cancer
- 13.120Peptic ulcer disease
- 13.121Ulcer complications
- 13.122Acute gastrointestinal bleeding
- 13.123Malabsorption syndromes
- 13.124Inflammatory bowel diseases
- 13.125Microscopic colitis
- 13.126Irritable bowel syndrome
- 13.127Appendicitis
- 13.128Diverticula of the GI tract
- 13.129Zenker diverticulum
- 13.130Meckel diverticulum
- 13.131Hirschsprung disease
- 13.132Malrotation
- 13.133Intussusception
- 13.134Volvulus
- 13.135Short bowel syndrome
- 13.136Other intestinal disorders
- 13.137Colonic polyps
- 13.138Polyposis syndromes
- 13.139Lynch syndrome
- 13.140Colorectal cancer
- 13.141Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
- 13.142Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
- 13.143Budd-Chiari syndrome
- 13.144Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- 13.145Serum markers of liver pathology
- 13.146Reye syndrome
- 13.147Alcoholic liver disease
- 13.148Steatotic liver disease
- 13.149Autoimmune hepatitis
- 13.150Hepatic encephalopathy
- 13.151Liver tumors
- 13.152ɑ1-antitrypsin deficiency
- 13.153Jaundice
- 13.154Benign neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
- 13.155Biliary atresia
- 13.156Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias
- 13.157Wilson disease
- 13.158Hemochromatosis
- 13.159Biliary tract disease
- 13.160Cholelithiasis and related pathologies
- 13.161Cholangiocarcinoma
- 13.162Pancreatitis
- 13.163Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- 13.164RBC morphology
- 13.165RBC inclusions
- 13.166Anemias
- 13.167Reticulocyte production index
- 13.168Mentzer index
- 13.169Interpretation of iron studies
- 13.170Microcytic, hypochromic anemias
- 13.171Macrocytic anemias
- 13.172Normocytic, normochromic anemias
- 13.173Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemias
- 13.174Intrinsic hemolytic anemias
- 13.175Extrinsic hemolytic anemias
- 13.176Leukopenias
- 13.177Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning
- 13.178Iron poisoning
- 13.179Coagulation disorders
- 13.180Platelet disorders
- 13.181Thrombotic microangiopathies
- 13.182Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders
- 13.183Hereditary thrombophilias
- 13.184Blood transfusion therapy
- 13.185Leukemia vs lymphoma
- 13.186Hodgkin vs non‑Hodgkin lymphoma
- 13.187Hodgkin lymphoma
- 13.188Non‑Hodgkin lymphoma
- 13.189Plasma cell dyscrasias
- 13.190Myelodysplastic syndromes
- 13.191Leukemias
- 13.192Myeloproliferative neoplasms
- 13.193Leukemoid reaction vs chronic myelogenous leukemia
- 13.194Polycythemia
- 13.195Chromosomal translocations
- 13.196Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 13.197Tumor lysis syndrome
- 13.198Cell biology of bone
- 13.199Overuse injuries of the elbow
- 13.200Clavicle fractures
- 13.201Wrist and hand injuries
- 13.202Psoas abscess
- 13.203Common knee conditions
- 13.204Common musculoskeletal conditions
- 13.205Childhood musculoskeletal conditions
- 13.206Common pediatric fractures
- 13.207Achondroplasia
- 13.208Osteoporosis
- 13.209Osteopetrosis
- 13.210Osteomalacia/rickets
- 13.211Osteitis deformans
- 13.212Avascular necrosis of bone
- 13.213Lab values in bone disorders
- 13.214Primary bone tumors
- 13.215Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis
- 13.216Gout
- 13.217Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
- 13.218Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- 13.219Sjögren syndrome
- 13.220Septic arthritis
- 13.221Osteomyelitis
- 13.222Seronegative spondyloarthritis
- 13.223Systemic lupus erythematosus
- 13.224Antiphospholipid syndrome
- 13.225Polymyalgia rheumatica
- 13.226Fibromyalgia
- 13.227Polymyositis/ dermatomyositis
- 13.228Myositis ossificans
- 13.229IgG4-related disease
- 13.230Vasculitides
- 13.231Neuromuscular junction diseases
- 13.232Raynaud phenomenon
- 13.233Scleroderma
- 13.234Skin layers
- 13.235Epithelial cell junctions
- 13.236Exocrine glands
- 13.237Dermatologic macroscopic terms
- 13.238Dermatologic microscopic terms
- 13.239Pigmented skin disorders
- 13.240Seborrheic dermatitis
- 13.241Common skin disorders
- 13.242Vascular tumors of skin
- 13.243Skin infections
- 13.244Cutaneous mycoses
- 13.245Autoimmune blistering skin disorders
- 13.246Other blistering skin disorders
- 13.247Cutaneous ulcers
- 13.248Miscellaneous skin disorders
- 13.249Estimation of body surface area
- 13.250Burn classification
- 13.251Skin cancer
- 13.252Common brain lesions
- 13.253Abnormal motor posturing
- 13.254Ischemic brain disease/stroke
- 13.255Cerebral edema
- 13.256Effects of strokes
- 13.257Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage
- 13.258Extracranial injuries
- 13.259Intracranial hemorrhage
- 13.260Thalamic pain syndrome
- 13.261Phantom limb pain
- 13.262Diffuse axonal injury
- 13.263Aphasia
- 13.264Aneurysms
- 13.265Fever vs heat stroke
- 13.266Seizures
- 13.267Headaches
- 13.268Trigeminal neuralgia
- 13.269Dyskinesias
- 13.270Restless legs syndrome
- 13.271Neurodegenerative movement disorders
- 13.272Dementia
- 13.273Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- 13.274Hydrocephalus
- 13.275Multiple sclerosis
- 13.276Other demyelinating and dysmyelinating disorders
- 13.277Neurocutaneous disorders
- 13.278Adult primary brain tumors
- 13.279Childhood primary brain tumors
- 13.280Herniation syndromes
- 13.281Motor neuron signs
- 13.282Spinal cord lesions
- 13.283Brown-Séquard syndrome
- 13.284Friedreich ataxia
- 13.285Cerebral palsy
- 13.286Common cranial nerve lesions
- 13.287Facial nerve lesions
- 13.288Auditory anatomy and physiology
- 13.289Otitis externa
- 13.290Otitis media
- 13.291Common causes of hearing loss
- 13.292Diagnosing hearing loss
- 13.293Cholesteatoma
- 13.294Vertigo
- 13.295Normal eye anatomy
- 13.296Conjunctivitis
- 13.297Refractive errors
- 13.298Lens disorders
- 13.299Aqueous humor pathway
- 13.300Glaucoma
- 13.301Retinal disorders
- 13.302Papilledema
- 13.303Leukocoria
- 13.304Uveitis
- 13.305Pupillary control
- 13.306Relative afferent pupillary defect
- 13.307Horner syndrome
- 13.308Ocular motility
- 13.309Strabismus
- 13.310Cranial nerve III, IV, VI palsies
- 13.311Visual field defects
- 13.312Cavernous sinus
- 13.313Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
- 13.314Eyelid disorders
- IN14 Pediatrics124
- 14.1Severe Acute Malnutrition
- 14.2Moderate Acute Malnutrition
- 14.3Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Practices
- 14.4Vaccine and Vaccination Schedule-Part-1 and 2
- 14.6Fluid therapy with severe dehydration
- 14.8Low osmolarity ORS
- 14.9Oral Rehydration Therapy
- 14.10Newborn Screening
- 14.11Routine Management of the Newborn
- 14.12Normal Vital Signs in a Newborn
- 14.13Apgar Score: Newborn Assessment
- 14.14Eye Care
- 14.15Retinoblastoma
- 14.16Common Teratogens and Their Effect on the Neonate
- 14.17Vitamin K–Deficient Bleeding (VKDB)
- 14.18Screening Tests
- 14.19Most Commonly Tested Disorders in Newborns
- 14.20Hepatitis B Vaccination
- 14.21Transient Conditions of the Newborn
- 14.22Transient Polycythemia of the Newborn
- 14.23Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
- 14.24Transient Hyperbilirubinemia
- 14.25Growth and Weight Issues
- 14.26Vaccinations
- 14.27Delivery-Associated Conditions in the Newborn
- 14.28Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
- 14.29Skull Fractures
- 14.30Scalp Injuries
- 14.31Brachial Palsy
- 14.32Clavicular Fracture
- 14.33Facial Nerve Palsy
- 14.34Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities and Associated Manifestations
- 14.35Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
- 14.36Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
- 14.37Abnormal Abdominal Findings
- 14.38Diaphragmatic Hernia
- 14.39Omphalocele
- 14.40Umbilical Hernia
- 14.41Gastroschisis
- 14.42Wilms Tumor
- 14.43Neuroblastoma
- 14.44Abnormal Genitourinary Findings
- 14.45Hydrocele
- 14.46Varicocele
- 14.47Cryptorchidism
- 14.48Hypospadias
- 14.49Epispadias
- 14.50Developmental Achievements: Reflexes
- 14.51Cyanotic Lesions
- 14.52Tetralogy of Fallot
- 14.53Transposition of the Great Vessels
- 14.54Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
- 14.55Truncus Arteriosus
- 14.56Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
- 14.57Tricuspid Valve Atresia
- 14.58Summary of Cyanotic Heart Defects
- 14.59Acyanotic Lesions
- 14.60Ventricular Septal Defect
- 14.61Atrial Septal Defect
- 14.62Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- 14.63Coarctation of the Aorta
- 14.64Long QT Syndrome
- 14.65Rheumatic Fever
- 14.66Ebstein Anomaly
- 14.67Vascular Ring
- 14.68Pathologic Jaundice in the Newborn
- 14.69Bilirubin-Induced Neurologic Dysfunction (BIND)
- 14.70Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy
- 14.71Kernicterus
- 14.72Gilbert Syndrome
- 14.73Esophageal Atresia
- 14.74Pyloric Stenosis
- 14.75Choanal Atresia
- 14.76Hirschsprung Disease
- 14.77Imperforate Anus
- 14.78Duodenal Atresia
- 14.79Volvulus
- 14.80Intussusception
- 14.81Meckel Diverticulum
- 14.82Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis
- 14.83Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs)
- 14.84Findings in IDM
- 14.85Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
- 14.86Congenital hip dysplasia
- 14.87Legg-Calvé- Perthes disease (avascular necrosis of femoral head)
- 14.88Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- 14.89Rickets
- 14.90Lead Poisoning
- 14.91Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)
- 14.92Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
- 14.93Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- 14.94Marfan Syndrome
- 14.95Kawasaki Disease
- 14.96Neonatal Sepsis
- 14.97TORCH Infections
- 14.98Viral Childhood Illnesses
- 14.99Varicella
- 14.100Rubeola or measles
- 14.101Fifth disease or erythema infectiosum
- 14.102Roseola
- 14.103Mumps
- 14.104Scarlet Fever
- 14.105Malignant Otitis Externa
- 14.106Retropharyngeal Abscess
- 14.107Croup
- 14.108Foreign Body Aspiration
- 14.109Epiglottitis
- 14.110Whooping Cough
- 14.111Upper and Lower Airway Diseases
- 14.112Bronchitis
- 14.113Pharyngitis
- 14.114Diphtheria
- 14.115Seizures
- 14.116Pediatric Seizure Disorders
- 14.117Absence seizures
- 14.118Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)
- 14.119Simple febrile seizure
- 14.120West syndrome (infantile spasms)
- 14.121Partial seizure
- 14.122Generalized seizure
- 14.123Vitamin Deficiencies
- 14.124Glycogen storage disorder
- 14.125Child Abuse
- 14.126Lysosomal storage disorder
- IN15 Pharmacology234
- 15.1Enzyme kinetics
- 15.2Pharmacokinetics
- 15.3Dosage calculations
- 15.4Drug metabolism
- 15.5Elimination of drugs
- 15.6Urine pH and drug elimination
- 15.7Efficacy vs potency
- 15.8Receptor binding
- 15.9Therapeutic index
- 15.10Drug effect modifications
- 15.11Autonomic receptors
- 15.12Acetylcholine receptors
- 15.13Pain transmission
- 15.14Micturition control
- 15.15Tissue distribution of adrenergic receptors
- 15.16G-protein–linked second messengers
- 15.17Autonomic drugs
- 15.18Cholinomimetic agents
- 15.19Anticholinesterase poisoning
- 15.20Muscarinic antagonists
- 15.21Atropine
- 15.22Sympathomimetics
- 15.23Physiologic effects of sympathomimetics
- 15.24Sympatholytics (ɑ2-agonists)
- 15.25ɑ-blockers
- 15.26ß-blockers
- 15.27Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
- 15.28Ingested seafood toxins
- 15.29Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics
- 15.30Specific toxicity treatments
- 15.31Drug reactions—cardiovascular
- 15.32Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive
- 15.33Drug reactions—gastrointestinal
- 15.34Drug reactions—hematologic
- 15.35Drug reactions—musculoskeletal/skin/connective tissue
- 15.36Drug reactions—neurologic
- 15.37Drug reactions—renal/genitourinary
- 15.38Drug reactions—respiratory
- 15.39Drug reactions—multiorgan
- 15.40Drugs affecting pupil size
- 15.41Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected)
- 15.42Sulfa drugs
- 15.43Biologic agents
- 15.44Drug nomenclature
- 15.45Immunosuppressants
- 15.46Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses
- 15.47Antimicrobial therapy
- 15.48Penicillin G, V
- 15.49Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins
- 15.50Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
- 15.51Piperacillin
- 15.52Cephalosporins
- 15.53ß-lactamase inhibitors
- 15.54Carbapenems
- 15.55Aztreonam
- 15.56Vancomycin
- 15.57Protein synthesis inhibitors
- 15.58Aminoglycosides
- 15.59Tetracyclines
- 15.60Tigecycline
- 15.61Chloramphenicol
- 15.62Clindamycin
- 15.63Linezolid
- 15.64Macrolides
- 15.65Polymyxins
- 15.66Sulfonamides
- 15.67Dapsone
- 15.68Trimethoprim
- 15.69Fluoroquinolones
- 15.70Daptomycin
- 15.71Metronidazole
- 15.72Antituberculous drugs
- 15.73Antimycobacterial therapy
- 15.74Antimicrobial prophylaxis
- 15.75Prophylaxis in HIV infection/AIDS
- 15.76Antifungal therapy
- 15.77Amphotericin B
- 15.78Nystatin
- 15.79Flucytosine
- 15.80Azole
- 15.81Terbinafine
- 15.82Echinocandins
- 15.83Griseofulvin
- 15.84Antiprotozoal therapy
- 15.85Anti-mite/louse therapy
- 15.86Chloroquine
- 15.87Antihelminthic therapy
- 15.88Oseltamivir, zanamivir
- 15.89Baloxavir
- 15.90Remdesivir
- 15.91Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
- 15.92Ganciclovir
- 15.93Foscarnet
- 15.94Cidofovir
- 15.95HIV therapy
- 15.96Hepatitis C therapy
- 15.97Disinfection and sterilization
- 15.98Antimicrobials to avoid in pregnancy
- 15.99Hypertension treatment
- 15.100Cardiovascular agents and molecular targets
- 15.101Nitrates
- 15.102Calcium channel blockers
- 15.103Hydralazine
- 15.104Hypertensive emergency
- 15.105Antianginal therapy
- 15.106Ranolazine
- 15.107Sacubitril
- 15.108Lipid-lowering agents
- 15.109Digoxin
- 15.110Antiarrhythmics— Sodium channel blockers (class I)
- 15.111Antiarrhythmics— ß-blockers (class II)
- 15.112Antiarrhythmics— Potassium channel blockers (class III)
- 15.113Antiarrhythmics— Calcium channel blockers (class IV)
- 15.114Other antiarrhythmics
- 15.115Ivabradine
- 15.116Diabetes mellitus therapy
- 15.117Increase insulin sensitivity
- 15.118Increase insulin secretion
- 15.119Increase glucose-induced insulin secretion
- 15.120Decrease glucose absorption
- 15.121Others: Amylin analogs
- 15.122Thionamides
- 15.123Levothyroxine, liothyronine
- 15.124Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs
- 15.125Fludrocortisone
- 15.126Cinacalcet
- 15.127Sevelamer
- 15.128Cation exchange resins
- 15.129Acid suppression therapy
- 15.130H2-blockers
- 15.131Proton pump inhibitors
- 15.132Antacids
- 15.133Bismuth, sucralfate
- 15.134Misoprostol
- 15.135Octreotide
- 15.136Sulfasalazine
- 15.137Loperamide, diphenoxylate
- 15.138Antiemetics
- 15.139Orlistat
- 15.140Anticonstipation drugs
- 15.141Heparin
- 15.142Warfarin
- 15.143Heparin vs warfarin
- 15.144Direct coagulation factor inhibitors
- 15.145Anticoagulation reversal
- 15.146Antiplatelets
- 15.147Thrombolytics
- 15.148Cancer therapy—cell cycle
- 15.149Cancer therapy—targets
- 15.150Antibody‑drug conjugates (ADCs)
- 15.151Antitumor antibiotics
- 15.152Antimetabolites
- 15.153Alkylating agents
- 15.154Platinum compounds
- 15.155Microtubule inhibitors
- 15.156Topoisomerase inhibitors
- 15.157Tamoxifen
- 15.158Anticancer monoclonal antibodies
- 15.159Anticancer small molecule inhibitors
- 15.160Chemotoxicity amelioration
- 15.161Key chemotoxicities
- 15.162Arachidonic acid pathways
- 15.163Acetaminophen
- 15.164Aspirin
- 15.165Celecoxib
- 15.166Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- 15.167Leflunomide
- 15.168Bisphosphonates
- 15.169Recombinant parathyroid hormone
- 15.170Gout drugs
- 15.171TNF-α inhibitors
- 15.172Psoriasis biologics
- 15.173Imiquimod
- 15.174Anticonvulsants
- 15.175Barbiturates
- 15.176Benzodiazepines
- 15.177Insomnia therapy
- 15.178Triptans
- 15.179Parkinson disease therapy
- 15.180Carbidopa/levodopa
- 15.181Neurodegenerative disease therapy
- 15.182Local anesthetics
- 15.183General anesthetics
- 15.184Neuromuscular blocking drugs
- 15.185Malignant hyperthermia
- 15.186Skeletal muscle relaxants
- 15.187Opioid analgesics
- 15.188Tramadol
- 15.189Butorphanol, nalbuphine
- 15.190Capsaicin
- 15.191Glaucoma therapy
- 15.192Psychotherapy
- 15.193Central nervous system stimulants
- 15.194Antipsychotics
- 15.195Lithium
- 15.196Buspirone
- 15.197Antidepressants
- 15.198Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- 15.199Serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- 15.200Tricyclic antidepressants
- 15.201Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- 15.202Atypical antidepressants
- 15.203Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation
- 15.204Medically supervised opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention
- 15.205Diuretics: site of action
- 15.206Diuretics: effects on electrolyte excretion
- 15.207Mannitol
- 15.208Acetazolamide
- 15.209Loop diuretics
- 15.210Thiazide diuretics
- 15.211Potassium-sparing diuretics
- 15.212Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors
- 15.213Angiotensin II receptor blockers
- 15.214Aliskiren
- 15.215Control of reproductive hormones
- 15.216Gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogs
- 15.217Degarelix
- 15.218Ethinyl estradiol
- 15.219Selective estrogen receptor modulators
- 15.220Aromatase inhibitors
- 15.221Progestins
- 15.222Antiprogestins
- 15.223Contraception
- 15.224Tocolytics
- 15.225Danazol
- 15.226Testosterone, methyltestosterone
- 15.227Antiandrogens
- 15.228Tamsulosin
- 15.229Minoxidil
- 15.230Asthma drugs
- 15.231H1-blockers
- 15.232Dextromethorphan
- 15.233Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
- 15.234Pulmonary hypertension drugs
- IN16 Physiology146
- 16.1Cardiac output variables
- 16.2Cardiac output equations
- 16.3Starling curves
- 16.4Resistance, pressure, flow
- 16.5Cardiac and vascular function curves
- 16.6Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle
- 16.7Jugular venous pressure tracings
- 16.8Pressure-volume loops and valvular disease
- 16.9Splitting of S2
- 16.10Auscultation of the heart
- 16.11Heart murmurs
- 16.12Myocardial action potential
- 16.13Pacemaker action potential
- 16.14Electrocardiogram
- 16.15Atrial natriuretic peptide
- 16.16B-type (brain) natriuretic peptide
- 16.17Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
- 16.18Normal resting cardiac pressures
- 16.19Autoregulation
- 16.20Capillary fluid exchange
- 16.21Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones
- 16.22Growth hormone
- 16.23Antidiuretic hormone
- 16.24Prolactin
- 16.25Thyroid hormones
- 16.26Parathyroid hormone
- 16.27Calcium homeostasis
- 16.28Calcitonin
- 16.29Glucagon
- 16.30Insulin
- 16.31Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias
- 16.32Cortisol
- 16.33Appetite regulation
- 16.34Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones
- 16.35Signaling pathways of steroid hormones Hormone
- 16.36Gastrointestinal regulatory substances
- 16.37Locations of gastrointestinal secretory cells
- 16.38Pancreatic secretions
- 16.39Carbohydrate absorption
- 16.40Vitamin and mineral absorption
- 16.41Peyer patches
- 16.42Bile
- 16.43Bilirubin
- 16.44Hemoglobin electrophoresis
- 16.45Antiglobulin test
- 16.46Platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis)
- 16.47Thrombogenesis
- 16.48Coagulation and kinin pathways
- 16.49Vitamin K–dependent coagulation
- 16.50Motor neuron action potential to muscle contraction
- 16.51Types of skeletal muscle fibers
- 16.52Skeletal muscle adaptations
- 16.53Vascular smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
- 16.54Muscle proprioceptors
- 16.55Bone formation
- 16.56Cell biology of bone
- 16.57Cells of the nervous system
- 16.58Neuron action potential Membrane
- 16.59Sensory receptors
- 16.60Peripheral nerve
- 16.61Neuronal response to axonal injury
- 16.62Neurotransmitter changes with disease
- 16.63Blood-brain barrier
- 16.64Vomiting center
- 16.65Sleep physiology
- 16.66REM sleep behavior disorder
- 16.67Factors affecting sleep architecture
- 16.68Hypothalamus
- 16.69Thalamus
- 16.70Limbic system
- 16.71Dopaminergic pathways
- 16.72Cerebellum
- 16.73Basal ganglia
- 16.74Cerebral cortex regions
- 16.75Cerebral perfusion
- 16.76Homunculus
- 16.77Cerebral arteries—cortical distribution
- 16.78Ventricular system
- 16.79Brainstem—ventral view
- 16.80Brainstem—dorsal view
- 16.81Cranial nerve nuclei
- 16.82Cranial nerves
- 16.83Cranial nerve reflexes
- 16.84Spinal cord levels and associated tracts
- 16.85Spinal tract anatomy and functions
- 16.86Clinical reflexes
- 16.87Primitive reflexes
- 16.88Fluid compartments
- 16.89Glomerular filtration barrier
- 16.90Renal clearance
- 16.91Glomerular filtration rate
- 16.92Renal blood flow autoregulation
- 16.93Effective renal plasma flow
- 16.94Filtration
- 16.95Changes in glomerular dynamics
- 16.96Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rate
- 16.97Glucose clearance
- 16.98Nephron transport physiology
- 16.99Renal tubular defects
- 16.100Features of renal disorders
- 16.101Relative concentrations along proximal tubule
- 16.102Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- 16.103Juxtaglomerular apparatus
- 16.104Kidney endocrine/paracrine functions
- 16.105Hormones acting on kidney
- 16.106Potassium shifts
- 16.107Electrolyte disturbances
- 16.108Acid-base physiology
- 16.109Acidosis and alkalosis
- 16.110Renal tubular acidosis
- 16.111Spermatogenesis
- 16.112Estrogen
- 16.113Progesterone
- 16.114Oogenesis
- 16.115Ovulation
- 16.116Menstrual cycle
- 16.117Abnormal uterine bleeding
- 16.118Pregnancy
- 16.119Physiologic changes in pregnancy
- 16.120Human chorionic gonadotropin
- 16.121Human placental lactogen
- 16.122Apgar score
- 16.123Neonatal birth weight
- 16.124Lactation
- 16.125Menopause
- 16.126Sexual maturity rating (Tanner stage) of pubertal development
- 16.127Precocious puberty
- 16.128Delayed puberty
- 16.129Lung volumes and capacities
- 16.130Work of breathing
- 16.131Determination of physiologic dead space
- 16.132Ventilation
- 16.133Lung and chest wall properties
- 16.134Pulmonary circulation
- 16.135Pulmonary vascular resistance
- 16.136Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
- 16.137Alveolar gas equation
- 16.138Carbon dioxide transport
- 16.139Hypoxia and hypoxemia
- 16.140Hemoglobin
- 16.141Oxygen content of blood
- 16.142Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
- 16.143Response to high altitude
- 16.144Response to exercise
- 16.145Methemoglobin
- 16.146Cyanide vs carbon monoxide poisoning
- IN17 Psychiatry67
- 17.1Mental Status Examination
- 17.2Basic Terminology in Psychiatry
- 17.3Mental Health Care Act 2017
- 17.4Classical conditioning
- 17.5Operant conditioning
- 17.6Transference and countertransference
- 17.7Ego defenses
- 17.8Grief
- 17.9Normal infant and child development
- 17.10Child abuse
- 17.11Vulnerable child syndrome
- 17.12Childhood and early‑onset disorders
- 17.13Orientation
- 17.14Amnesias
- 17.15Ganser Syndrome
- 17.16Dissociative disorders
- 17.17Delirium
- 17.18Psychosis
- 17.19Mood disorder
- 17.20Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- 17.21Manic episode
- 17.22Hypomanic episode
- 17.23Bipolar disorder
- 17.24Major depressive disorder
- 17.25Depression with atypical features
- 17.26Peripartum mood disturbances
- 17.27Electroconvulsive therapy
- 17.28Risk factors for suicide death
- 17.29Anxiety disorders
- 17.30Panic disorder
- 17.31Phobias
- 17.32Generalized anxiety disorder
- 17.33Obsessive‑compulsive disorders
- 17.34Trauma and stress‑related disorders
- 17.35Diagnostic criteria by symptom duration
- 17.36Personality disorders
- 17.37Malingering
- 17.38Factitious disorders
- 17.39Somatic symptom and related disorders
- 17.40Malingering vs factitious disorder vs somatic symptom disorders
- 17.41Eating disorders
- 17.42Gender dysphoria
- 17.43Sexual dysfunction
- 17.44Sleep terror disorder
- 17.45Elimination disorders
- 17.46Narcolepsy
- 17.47Substance use disorder
- 17.48Gambling disorder
- 17.49Transtheoretical model of change
- 17.50Psychiatric emergencies
- 17.51Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal: Depressants
- 17.52Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal: Stimulants
- 17.53Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens
- 17.54Alcohol use disorder
- 17.55Psychotherapy
- 17.56Central nervous system stimulants
- 17.57Antipsychotics
- 17.58Lithium
- 17.59Buspirone
- 17.60Antidepressants
- 17.61Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- 17.62Serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- 17.63Tricyclic antidepressants
- 17.64Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- 17.65Atypical antidepressants
- 17.66Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation
- 17.67Medically supervised opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention
- IN18 Radiology102
- 18.1Pneumothorax
- 18.2Tension Pneumothorax
- 18.3Pneumomediastinum
- 18.4Pneumoperitoneum
- 18.5Pneumocephalus
- 18.6Aortic Dissection
- 18.7Pulmonary Thromboembolism
- 18.8Imaging-Acute Infarct
- 18.9Stroke
- 18.10Hyperdense MCA sign
- 18.11DWI
- 18.12Head Trauma-Epidural hematoma
- 18.13Swirl sign
- 18.14Subdural hematoma
- 18.15Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 18.16Intraparenchymal and intraventricular bleed
- 18.17Abdominal Trauma-FAST
- 18.18CECT liver lacerations
- 18.19Splenic injury
- 18.20Acute Abdomen-Acute Pancreatitis
- 18.21Aortic Aneurysms and Rupture
- 18.22Pseudoaneurysms-Yin yang sign
- 18.23Small and large Intestinal obstruction and Volvulus
- 18.24Kilovolt Peak (KVP) and Milliampere-Seconds (MAS)
- 18.25Water View
- 18.26Caldwell View
- 18.27Rhese View
- 18.28Schuller View
- 18.29Stryker’s View
- 18.30Lordotic View
- 18.31Reverse Lordotic View
- 18.32Compton Effect
- 18.33Photoelectric Effect
- 18.34Bremsstrahlung Radiation
- 18.35Differences from Conventional Radiography
- 18.36Normal Hysterosalpingography
- 18.37Unicornuate Uterus
- 18.38Bicornuate Uterus
- 18.39Didelphys Uterus
- 18.40Hydrosalpinx
- 18.41Droopy Lily Sign
- 18.42Retrocaval Ureter
- 18.43Ureterocele
- 18.44Spiral CT
- 18.45HRCT (High-Resolution CT)
- 18.46MDCT (Multidetector CT)
- 18.47Dual Energy CT
- 18.48CT Anatomy Brain
- 18.49CTMediastinum
- 18.50CT Abdomen
- 18.51CT Lungs
- 18.52Agatston Scoring
- 18.53Pulmonary Thromboembolism
- 18.54Lead Apron
- 18.55TLD Badge (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter)
- 18.56MRI Sequences:
- 18.57MR Spectroscopy
- 18.58MRI Planes: Axial Images, Coronal Images, Sagittal Images of brain
- 18.59Piezoelectric Effect: General of electrical charge in certain materials under mechanical stress
- 18.60Ultrasound Phenomena: Posterior Acoustic Shadowing, Posterior Acoustic Enhancement
- 18.61FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
- 18.62EFAST (Extended FAST)
- 18.63EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasound
- 18.64Doppler Ultrasound Techniques: Color Doppler, Spectral Doppler
- 18.65Doppler Assessments: Umbilical Artery Doppler, Uterine Artery Doppler, Fetal MCA (Middle Cerebral Artery) Doppler
- 18.66Linac Stereotactic
- 18.67Radiotherapy
- 18.68IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy)
- 18.69Electron Beam
- 18.70Proton Beam: Bragg Peak
- 18.71Brachytherapy Permanent and Temporary Implants
- 18.72Pura Beta Emitters
- 18.73Systemic Radiotherapy I-131 Strontium-89 P-32
- 18.74Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
- 18.75Radiosensitivity of Tissues and Tumors
- 18.76Different Iodine Isotopes I-131 I-125 I-124 I-123
- 18.77Half-Lives of Important Radioisotopes F-18 Tc-99m Iodine Isotopes P-32 Co-60 Cs-137
- 18.78Thyroid Imaging: Thyroid Scintigraphy, Lingual Thyroid
- 18.79Renal Scans: DMSA, DTPA, MAG-3 Scan
- 18.80Cardiac Imaging: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Myocardial Infarct Imaging
- 18.81Bone Imaging
- 18.82Sulfur Colloid Scan
- 18.83Tc-99m Sestamibi Scan
- 18.84Octreotide/Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy
- 18.85PET Imaging
- 18.86HMPAO-SPECT
- 18.87Craniospinal Irradiation
- 18.88Imaging of Meningioma
- 18.89Tumor Comparisons: Medulloblastoma vs. Ependymoma, Arachnoid Cyst vs. Epidermoid Cyst, Craniopharyngioma vs. Pituitary Adenoma
- 18.90Important Named Signs: Mount Fuji Sign, Racing Car Sign, PAND Sign, Hummingbird Sign
- 18.91CNS Conditions: TB Meningitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
- 18.92Imaging of Stroke: Hyperdense MCA Sign, Penumbra, CT Perfusion Imaging
- 18.93Intracranial Bleeds: Extradural Bleed, Subdural Bleed, Subarachnoid Bleed, Intraventricular Bleed, Intraparenchymal Bleed
- 18.94X-ray Views: Posteroanterior vs. Anteroposterior
- 18.95View Medical Conditions: Collapse, Consolidation, Pleural Effusion, Pneumothorax
- 18.96Important Signs: Golden S Sign, Luftsichel Sign, Silhouette Sign
- 18.97Specific Conditions: X-ray of Pulmonary Edema, Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Thromboembolism
- 18.98CT Imaging: Bronchiectasis, Interstitial Lung Disease,
- 18.99Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
- 18.100Fungal and Parasitic Infections: Aspergillosis, Hydatid Disease of the Lung, Lung Abscesses, Fungus Ball, Hydropneumothorax
- 18.101Other Findings: Lucent Hemithorax
- 18.102Foreign Body
- IN19 Surgery166
- 19.1Basic principal in surgery
- 19.2Classify wounds & process of wound healing
- 19.3Wound Healing
- 19.4Gangrene
- 19.5Diabetic foot
- 19.6Hemorrhagic shock
- 19.7Delayed primary sutures
- 19.8Secondary hemorrhage
- 19.9Neurological changes in Diabetic foot
- 19.10Complications of blood transfusion
- 19.11Enteral Nutrition
- 19.12Day care surgery
- 19.13Decubitus ulcers/Bedsores
- 19.14Invetigation and diagnosis
- 19.15PET-CT
- 19.16Mammography
- 19.17MRCP- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
- 19.18ERCP- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
- 19.19CT- Scan
- 19.20FAST
- 19.21MRI
- 19.22Causes of Intraabdominal R.O. shadows
- 19.23Isotopic renography
- 19.24Ultrasound
- 19.25Endoscopic USG
- 19.26Colonoscopy
- 19.27X Ray abdomen
- 19.28Peri-operative care
- 19.29Spinal anaesthesia complications
- 19.30Regional block anaesthesia
- 19.31Loco-regional anaesthesia
- 19.32Endotracheal intubation indications
- 19.33Caudal block
- 19.34General anaesthesia
- 19.35Preparation of the patients for anaesthesia
- 19.36Advantages and complications of epidural anesthesia
- 19.37Taruma
- 19.38Extradural Hematoma
- 19.39Glasgow coma scale and its significance
- 19.40ATLS-Advanced trauma life support
- 19.41Autoimmune response of the body to trauma
- 19.42Management of acutely injured patient
- 19.43Define Triage and management of mass causalities
- 19.44Management of Roadside wound
- 19.45Orthopedics
- 19.46Skin and Subcutaneus tissues
- 19.47Carbuncle
- 19.48Collar stud abscess
- 19.49Burn classification
- 19.50Fluid management in burn patient
- 19.51Inhalations Burns and its management
- 19.52Premalignant lesions of skin
- 19.53Basal cell carcinoma
- 19.54Malignant Melanoma, clasification and managment
- 19.55SCC of skin
- 19.56Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands
- 19.57Epulis
- 19.58Thyroglossal cyst and its treatment
- 19.59Ranula
- 19.60Classify Jaw tumours
- 19.61Dentigerous cyst
- 19.62Cystic hygroma
- 19.63Thyroglossal fistula
- 19.64Tongue tie
- 19.65Causes of carcinoma tongue and investigations
- 19.66Applied Anatomy of Parotid Gland
- 19.67Causes of Lock Jaw
- 19.68Apical abscess
- 19.69Breast cancer Classification, Clinical features, investigations, and treatment
- 19.70Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- 19.71Triple assessment Fibro adenoma
- 19.72Discrete thyroid swellings
- 19.73Thyroid hormone synthesis and control
- 19.74Lymphatic drainage of breast causes and management
- 19.75Hyperparathyroidism
- 19.76Pathology of Thyroid neoplasm and management of differentiated carcinoma thyroid
- 19.77DD of the breast lump and investigation
- 19.78Breast abscesses
- 19.79Paget’s disease of the breast
- 19.80Pheochromocytoma
- 19.81Surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland
- 19.82Primary thyrotoxicosis
- 19.83Management of multi nodular goitre
- 19.84Phyllodes tumour
- 19.85Spontaneous pneumothorax
- 19.86Tension pneumothorax
- 19.87Haemo-pneumothorax
- 19.88Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- 19.89Blunt trauma of the chest and its management
- 19.90Tube Thoracostomy
- 19.91Stone in chest
- 19.92Paradoxical respiration and its management
- 19.93Invasive investigation of coronary artery disease and indication of bypass surgery
- 19.94Coronary artery bypass surgery
- 19.95Deep vein thrombosis
- 19.96Varicose Veins
- 19.97Fat embolism
- 19.98PVD Causes Management of Burger’s disease
- 19.99Clinical features, complications and management of Gall stones
- 19.100Surgical anatomy and physiology of the Esophagus
- 19.101Volvulus neonatorum (Pediatric surgery)
- 19.102Etiopathogenesis, C/F, and management of carcinoma caecum
- 19.103A-dynamic intestinal obstruction
- 19.104Clinical features, investigation, treatment & differential diagnosis of Carcinoma rectum
- 19.105Enumerate Premalignant conditions of the colon and CA rectum
- 19.106Complications of splenectomy
- 19.107Clinical features and management of Amoebic liver abscess
- 19.108Pathophysiology and management of Acute pancreatitis
- 19.109Clinical features, investigations, and management of carcinoma oesophagus
- 19.110Anal fissure
- 19.111Direct inguinal hernia
- 19.112Complications of Appendectomy
- 19.113Preparation of case of jaundice in surgery
- 19.114Fistula-in-ano and its operations
- 19.115Inguinal lymphadenopathy
- 19.116Various operations for peptic ulcer diseases
- 19.117Management of penetrating injuries of the abdomen Megacolon
- 19.118Pyloric stenosis in infants
- 19.119Pathology of strangulation of bowel
- 19.120Classify acute intestinal obstruction and Management of congenital megacolon.
- 19.121Pseudocyst of pancreas & spleen and their management
- 19.122Desmoid Tumor
- 19.123Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- 19.124C/F, diagnosis of Pyloric stenosis in infants
- 19.125Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
- 19.126Management of acute appendicitis
- 19.127Types and complications of Ileostomy
- 19.128Complications of Chronic duodenal ulcer
- 19.129Life cycle of Hydatid cyst
- 19.130Meckel’s diverticulum
- 19.131Complication of cyst
- 19.132Electrolyte imbalance in pyloric stenosis
- 19.133Strangulated inguinal hernia
- 19.134Intussusception
- 19.135Peptic ulcers
- 19.136Head of the pancreas Classify causes of surgical jaundice.
- 19.137Causes of bleeding per rectum and its investigations
- 19.138Management of appendicular lump
- 19.139Causes of Gastric outlet obstruction
- 19.140Hypokalemic, hypochloraemic alkalosis and its management
- 19.141Bilioma
- 19.142Ulcerative colitis Indication of surgery
- 19.143Urinary Incontinence
- 19.144Ureteric stones
- 19.145Treatment modalities of Calculus in the lower one-third of the ureter
- 19.146Torsion testis
- 19.147Wilm’s tumour
- 19.148Carcinoma urinary bladder
- 19.149Classification and staging of testicular tumours
- 19.150Causes and management of hematuria
- 19.151Causes of Unilateral hydronephrosis
- 19.152Complications of undescended testis
- 19.153Hypospadias
- 19.154Carcinoma penis
- 19.155Testicular swelling and tumour marker of testicular tumours
- 19.156Classify kidney tumours
- 19.157Varicocele
- 19.158Indication of surgery and complications of BHP
- 19.159Phimosis
- 19.160Hydrocele
- 19.161Hypernephroma
- 19.162Seminoma testis
- 19.163Indications of Liver Transplantation
- 19.164Hyperkalemia
- 19.165Chemical sterilization
- 19.166Sterilization
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