Endometrial Carcinoma: NEET PG High-Yield Summary
Pattern-based review of common board-exam topics.
1. Epidemiology & Risk Factors
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries.
- Estrogen Dependence (Type I): Unopposed estrogen (Obesity, PCOS, Tamoxifen use, Nulliparity, Late menopause).
- Protective Factors: Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (COCPs) and smoking.
- Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC): Significantly increases risk; usually associated with Type II (non-estrogen dependent) carcinomas.
2. High-Yield NEET PG Concepts
| Topic | Key Examination Pearl |
|---|---|
| Classic Presentation | Post-menopausal bleeding is the cardinal symptom. |
| Diagnosis | Endometrial biopsy (Office aspiration) is the gold standard. TVS (Transvaginal USG) is the first-line screening (Endometrial thickness >4mm in post-menopausal women). |
| Histology | Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype. |
3. Exam Strategy & Pearls
- Tamoxifen: A SERM used for breast cancer that acts as an agonist on the endometrium, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.
- Spread: Direct extension (myometrium) and lymphatic spread.
- Staging: FIGO staging is surgically determined (similar to ovarian cancer).
- Treatment: Total Hysterectomy + Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (TH+BSO) is the mainstay.
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