Curriculum
- 19 Sections
- 6 Lessons
- 10 Weeks
Expand all sectionsCollapse all sections
- IN01 Anatomy173
- 1.1Heart morphogenesis
- 1.2Heart embryology
- 1.3Fetal-postnatal derivatives
- 1.4Fetal circulation
- 1.5Heart anatomy
- 1.6Pericardium
- 1.7Coronary blood supply
- 1.8Thyroid development
- 1.9Pituitary gland
- 1.10Adrenal cortex and medulla
- 1.11Endocrine pancreas cell types
- 1.12Tongue development
- 1.13Normal gastrointestinal embryology
- 1.14Ventral wall defects
- 1.15Congenital umbilical hernia
- 1.16Tracheoesophageal anomalies
- 1.17Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- 1.18Intestinal atresia
- 1.19Pancreas and spleen embryology
- 1.20Retroperitoneal structures
- 1.21Important gastrointestinal ligaments
- 1.22Digestive tract anatomy
- 1.23Digestive tract histology
- 1.24Abdominal aorta and branches
- 1.25Nutcracker syndrome
- 1.26Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
- 1.27Gastrointestinal blood supply and innervation
- 1.28Celiac trunk
- 1.29Portosystemic anastomoses
- 1.30Pectinate line
- 1.31Liver tissue architecture
- 1.32Biliary structures
- 1.33Femoral region
- 1.34Inguinal canal
- 1.35Myopectineal orifice
- 1.36Hernias
- 1.37Fetal erythropoiesis
- 1.38Blood groups
- 1.39Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- 1.40Hematopoiesis
- 1.41Neutrophils
- 1.42Erythrocytes
- 1.43Thrombocytes (platelets)
- 1.44Monocytes
- 1.45Macrophages
- 1.46Dendritic cells
- 1.47Eosinophils
- 1.48Basophils
- 1.49Mast cells
- 1.50Lymphocytes
- 1.51Natural killer cells
- 1.52B cells
- 1.53T cells
- 1.54Plasma cells
- 1.55Immune system organs
- 1.56Lymph node
- 1.57Lymphatic drainage associations
- 1.58Spleen
- 1.59Thymus
- 1.60Upper extremity nerves
- 1.61Rotator cuff muscles
- 1.62Arm abduction
- 1.63Brachial plexus lesions
- 1.64Wrist region
- 1.65Hand muscles
- 1.66Distortions of the hand
- 1.67Knee exam
- 1.68Actions of hip muscles
- 1.69Lower extremity nerves
- 1.70Ankle sprains
- 1.71Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy
- 1.72Neurovascular pairing
- 1.73Neural development
- 1.74Regionalization of neural tube
- 1.75Central and peripheral nervous systems origins
- 1.76Neural tube defects
- 1.77Brain malformations
- 1.78Posterior fossa malformations
- 1.79Syringomyelia
- 1.80Kidney embryology
- 1.81Potter sequence
- 1.82Horseshoe kidney
- 1.83Congenital solitary functioning kidney
- 1.84Duplex collecting system
- 1.85Posterior urethral valves
- 1.86Vesicoureteral reflux
- 1.87Renal blood flow
- 1.88Glomerular anatomy
- 1.89Course of ureters
- 1.90Early embryonic development
- 1.91Embryologic derivatives
- 1.92Teratogens
- 1.93Types of errors in morphogenesis
- 1.94Fetal alcohol syndrome
- 1.95Neonatal abstinence syndrome
- 1.96Placenta
- 1.97Amniotic fluid
- 1.98Twinning
- 1.99Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
- 1.100Umbilical cord
- 1.101Urachus
- 1.102Vitelline duct
- 1.103Pharyngeal apparatus
- 1.104Pharyngeal cleft derivatives
- 1.105Pharyngeal pouch derivatives
- 1.106Pharyngeal arch derivatives
- 1.107First and second pharyngeal arch syndromes
- 1.108Orofacial clefts
- 1.109Genital embryology
- 1.110Sexual differentiation
- 1.111Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies
- 1.112Male/female genital homologs
- 1.113Congenital penile abnormalities
- 1.114Descent of testes and ovaries
- 1.115Drainage of reproductive organs
- 1.116Female reproductive anatomy
- 1.117Adnexal torsion
- 1.118Pelvic organ prolapse
- 1.119Female reproductive epithelial histology
- 1.120Male reproductive anatomy
- 1.121Genitourinary trauma
- 1.122Autonomic innervation of male sexual response
- 1.123Seminiferous tubules
- 1.124Lung development
- 1.125Choanal atresia
- 1.126Lung malformations
- 1.127Club cells
- 1.128Alveolar cell types
- 1.129Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- 1.130Respiratory tree
- 1.131Lung anatomy
- 1.132Diaphragm structures
- 1.133Cells of the nervous system
- 1.134Sensory receptors
- 1.135Peripheral nerve
- 1.136Neuronal response to axonal injury
- 1.137Neurotransmitter changes with disease
- 1.138Meninges
- 1.139Blood-brain barrier
- 1.140Vomiting center
- 1.141Hypothalamus
- 1.142Thalamus
- 1.143Limbic system
- 1.144Cerebellum
- 1.145Basal ganglia
- 1.146Cerebral cortex regions
- 1.147Homunculus
- 1.148Cerebral arteries—cortical distribution
- 1.149Circle of Willis
- 1.150Dural venous sinuses
- 1.151Ventricular system
- 1.152Brainstem—ventral view
- 1.153Brainstem—dorsal view (cerebellum removed)
- 1.154Cranial nerve nuclei
- 1.155Vagal nuclei
- 1.156Brainstem cross sections- Midbrain
- 1.157Brainstem cross sections- Pons
- 1.158Brainstem cross sections- Medulla
- 1.159Cranial nerves and vessel pathways
- 1.160Cranial nerves and arteries
- 1.161Cranial nerves
- 1.162Cranial nerve reflexes
- 1.163Mastication muscles
- 1.164Spinal nerves
- 1.165Spinal cord—lower extent
- 1.166Conus medullaris and cauda equina syndrome
- 1.167Spinal cord levels and associated tracts
- 1.168Spinal tract anatomy and functions
- 1.169Landmark dermatomes
- 1.170Auditory anatomy
- 1.171Normal eye anatomy
- 1.172Aqueous humor pathway
- 1.173Ocular motility
- IN02 Anesthesia20
- 2.1Types of Anaesthesia
- 2.2Difference between GA and LA
- 2.3Spinal Anaesthesia
- 2.4Epidural Anaesthesia
- 2.5Intravenous GA
- 2.6Inhalational GA
- 2.7Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Including Neuromuscular Blockers)
- 2.8Local Anaesthesia
- 2.9LA Toxicity
- 2.10Monitoring In Anesthesia
- 2.11Types of equipment and Anaesthesia Machine
- 2.12IV Fluids
- 2.13Blood Transfusion
- 2.14Oxygen Therapy
- 2.15Endotracheal Intubation Indications
- 2.16Caudal Block
- 2.17Preparation of Patient for Anaesthesia
- 2.18Brain Death
- 2.19Stages of Anaesthesia
- 2.20Resuscitation Protocol
- IN03 Biochemistry137
- 3.1Chromatin structure
- 3.2Nucleotides
- 3.3De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis
- 3.4Purine salvage deficiencies
- 3.5Genetic code features
- 3.6DNA replication
- 3.7DNA repair
- 3.8Mutations in DNA
- 3.9Lac operon
- 3.10Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene
- 3.11Regulation of gene expression
- 3.12RNA processing (eukaryotes)
- 3.13RNA polymerases
- 3.14Introns vs exons
- 3.15Splicing of pre-mRNA
- 3.16tRNA
- 3.17Start and stop codons
- 3.18Protein synthesis
- 3.19Posttranslational modifications
- 3.20Chaperone protein
- 3.21Cell cycle phases
- 3.22Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- 3.23Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- 3.24Cell trafficking
- 3.25Peroxisome
- 3.26Proteasome
- 3.27Cytoskeletal elements
- 3.28Microtubule
- 3.29Cilia structure
- 3.30Primary ciliary dyskinesia
- 3.31Sodium-potassium pump
- 3.32Collagen
- 3.33Collagen synthesis and structure
- 3.34Osteogenesis imperfecta
- 3.35Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- 3.36Menkes disease
- 3.37Elastin
- 3.38Marfan syndrome
- 3.39Homocystinuria
- 3.40Polymerase chain reaction
- 3.41CRISPR/Cas9
- 3.42Blotting procedures
- 3.43Flow cytometry
- 3.44Microarrays
- 3.45Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- 3.46Karyotyping
- 3.47Fluorescence in situ hybridization
- 3.48Molecular cloning
- 3.49Gene expression modifications
- 3.50Genetic terms
- 3.51Population genetics
- 3.52Hardy-Weinberg principle
- 3.53Disorders of imprinting
- 3.54Modes of inheritance
- 3.55Autosomal dominant diseases
- 3.56Autosomal recessive diseases
- 3.57Cystic fibrosis
- 3.58X-linked recessive diseases
- 3.59Muscular dystrophies
- 3.60Mitochondrial diseases
- 3.61Rett syndrome
- 3.62Fragile X syndrome
- 3.63Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases
- 3.64Autosomal trisomies
- 3.65Genetic disorders by chromosome
- 3.66Robertsonian translocation
- 3.67Cri-du-chat syndrome
- 3.68Williams syndrome
- 3.69Essential fatty acids
- 3.70Vitamins: fat soluble
- 3.71Vitamins: water soluble
- 3.72Dietary supplementation
- 3.73Vitamin A
- 3.74Vitamin B1
- 3.75Vitamin B2
- 3.76Vitamin B3
- 3.77Vitamin B5
- 3.78Vitamin B6
- 3.79Vitamin B7
- 3.80Vitamin B9
- 3.81Vitamin B12
- 3.82Vitamin C
- 3.83Vitamin D
- 3.84Vitamin E
- 3.85Vitamin K
- 3.86Zinc
- 3.87Protein-energy malnutrition
- 3.88Ethanol metabolism
- 3.89Enzyme terminology
- 3.90Rate-determining enzymes of metabolic processes
- 3.91Metabolic compartmentation
- 3.92Summary of pathways
- 3.93Activated carriers
- 3.94Universal electron acceptors
- 3.95Hexokinase vs glucokinase
- 3.96Glycolysis regulation
- 3.97Regulation by fructose-2,6- bisphosphate
- 3.98Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- 3.99Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
- 3.100Pyruvate metabolism
- 3.101TCA cycle
- 3.102Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
- 3.103Gluconeogenesis, irreversible enzymes
- 3.104Pentose phosphate pathway
- 3.105Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3.106Disorders of fructose metabolism
- 3.107Disorders of galactose metabolism
- 3.108Sorbitol
- 3.109Lactase deficiency
- 3.110Amino acids
- 3.111Urea cycle
- 3.112Transport of ammonia by alanine
- 3.113Hyperammonemia
- 3.114Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
- 3.115Amino acid derivatives
- 3.116Catecholamine synthesis/tyrosine catabolism
- 3.117Phenylketonuria
- 3.118Maple syrup urine disease
- 3.119Alkaptonuria
- 3.120Homocystinuria
- 3.121Cystinuria
- 3.122Organic acidemias
- 3.123Glycogen regulation by insulin and glucagon/epinephrine
- 3.124Glycogen
- 3.125Glycogen storage diseases
- 3.126Lysosomal storage diseases
- 3.127Fatty acid metabolism
- 3.128Ketone bodies
- 3.129Fed vs. Fasted State in Adipocytes
- 3.130Metabolic fuel use
- 3.131Fasting and starvation
- 3.132Lipid transport
- 3.133Key enzymes in lipid transport
- 3.134Major apolipoproteins
- 3.135Lipoprotein functions
- 3.136Abetalipoproteinemia
- 3.137Familial dyslipidemias
- IN04 Community Medicine172
- 4.1PQLI
- 4.2HDI
- 4.3Spectrum of Health
- 4.4Determinants of Health
- 4.5Indicators of Health
- 4.6Disability rates
- 4.7Healthcare Delivery Indicators
- 4.8Levels of Healthcare
- 4.9Epidemiological triad- The triangle
- 4.10Multifactorial causation
- 4.11The web of causation
- 4.12Natural History of Disease
- 4.13Risk factors
- 4.14Iceberg of disease
- 4.15Concept of Prevention
- 4.16Modes of Intervention
- 4.17Water
- 4.18Air Pollution
- 4.19Disposal of wastes
- 4.20Septic tank
- 4.21Modern sewage treatment
- 4.22Principles of arthropod control
- 4.23Mosquitoes- Anopheles vs Aedes
- 4.24Oxidation pool
- 4.25Fly control measures
- 4.26Classification of insecticides
- 4.27Overcrowding Indices of thermal comfort
- 4.28Communication process
- 4.29Types and barriers of communication
- 4.30Functions of health communication
- 4.31Health Education- Define, Aims & Objectives
- 4.32Approach to health education
- 4.33Education vs Propaganda
- 4.34Practice of health education
- 4.35Principles of health education
- 4.36Proteins
- 4.37Iron (Complete)
- 4.38Iodine (Complete)
- 4.39Nutritional problems in public health- Undernutrition
- 4.40Lathyrism
- 4.41Assessment of nutritional status
- 4.42Milk Hygiene
- 4.43Food toxicants
- 4.44Food additives
- 4.45Food fortification
- 4.46Food adulteration
- 4.47Community nutrition programmes
- 4.48Presentation of statistical data (Complete)
- 4.49Measures of Central Tendency
- 4.50Measures of dispersion
- 4.51Normal distribution – standard normal distribution
- 4.52Sampling methods
- 4.53Null & Alternative hypotheses
- 4.54Chi-square test
- 4.55Name of Epidemiologist
- 4.56Mortality rates and ratios
- 4.57Descriptive Epidemiology
- 4.58Case-control study
- 4.59Cohort Study
- 4.60Cohort vs case-control studies
- 4.61RCT- methods, types, Randomisation
- 4.62Association & Causation- types
- 4.63Dynamics of transmission
- 4.64Modes of transmission- Classification
- 4.65Incubation period, Generation time, Serial interval, communicable period
- 4.66Secondary attack rate
- 4.67Herd immunity
- 4.68National Immunisation Schedule
- 4.69Disinfection
- 4.70Investigation of an epidemic
- 4.71Screening of Disease-Complete criteria for screening
- 4.72Millennium Development Goals- MDG, SDG
- 4.73Chickenpox
- 4.74Tuberculosis (Complete)
- 4.75Diphtheria- Immunisation
- 4.76Meningococcal meningitis
- 4.77Hepatitis B
- 4.78Diarrhoea
- 4.79Malaria
- 4.80Typhoid
- 4.81Investigation of food poisoning
- 4.82Tetanus
- 4.83Leprosy
- 4.84AIDS (Complete)
- 4.85Coronary heart disease and risk factors
- 4.86Oral Cancer
- 4.87Diabetes Mellitus
- 4.88Obesity
- 4.89Blindness- causes and prevention
- 4.90Family Planning
- 4.91Contraception- Classification, barrier methods, IUDs, Hormonal pills
- 4.92MTP
- 4.93Post coital contraception
- 4.94Pearl Index
- 4.95Health Delivery System
- 4.96Community- Assessment approach
- 4.97Occupational Hazards
- 4.98Occupational diseases
- 4.99Lead poisoning
- 4.100Pneumoconiosis
- 4.101Silicosis
- 4.102Anthracosis
- 4.103Sickness absenteeism
- 4.104Health problems due to industrialisation
- 4.105Health protection of workers
- 4.106Ergonomics
- 4.107Genotype, Phenotype
- 4.108Sickle cell anaemia
- 4.109Advances in human genetics
- 4.110Health promotional measures
- 4.111Genetic Counselling
- 4.112Early diagnosis and treatment- Amniocentesis
- 4.113MCH problems
- 4.114Antenatal care (Complete)
- 4.115Child health problems
- 4.116Indicators of MCH
- 4.117Post-natal care
- 4.118Preterm babies and causes
- 4.119Kangaroo mother care
- 4.120Growth chart & uses
- 4.121Health problems of the aged
- 4.122Define- Disaster, Hazard
- 4.123Disaster Cycle
- 4.124Triage
- 4.125Floods
- 4.126Earthquakes
- 4.127Man-made disaster
- 4.128Define- Biomedical waste
- 4.129Healthcare waste generation
- 4.130Health hazards of healthcare waste
- 4.131Collection, treatment, processing, and disposal of BMW
- 4.132Characteristics of a mentally healthy person
- 4.133Warning signals of poor mental health
- 4.134Types and causes of mental health illness
- 4.135Alcoholism
- 4.136Drug addiction and dependence
- 4.137Drug Addiction-Preventive Measures
- 4.138Planning- Define, Objective, Goal,
- 4.139Target Management- Define, Techniques, Network analysis, PPBS
- 4.140National Health Policy 2015
- 4.141Health committee- Bhore (1946), Mudaliar (1962)
- 4.142Panchayat Raj
- 4.143Evaluation of Health Services
- 4.144National vector-borne disease control programme: Malaria, Kala-azar, Dengue
- 4.145NLEP
- 4.146RNTCP
- 4.147NACP
- 4.148National Programme for the control of blindness
- 4.149RMNCH+ A
- 4.150Health problems
- 4.151Healthcare systems
- 4.152Subcentres Type A vs Type B
- 4.153PHC – functions CHC
- 4.154Health for all
- 4.155Duties of a Medical Officer
- 4.156Anganwadi worker
- 4.157ASHA foundation
- 4.158HWM – functions
- 4.159Voluntary Health Agencies – functions
- 4.160ANM – functions
- 4.161Role of emotions in health & medicine
- 4.162Defense mechanism
- 4.163Types of Family
- 4.164Functions of Family
- 4.165Family in health and disease
- 4.166Cultural factors in health and disease
- 4.167Consumer Protection Act
- 4.168World Health Organisation
- 4.169UNICEF
- 4.170Rockefeller foundation
- 4.171Ford Foundation
- 4.172World Health Day
- IN05 Dermatology92
- 5.1Structure of Hair
- 5.2Basics of Dermatology
- 5.3Structure of Epidermis and Dermis
- 5.4Cells of Epidermis
- 5.5Drug Eruptions
- 5.6Lepra Reactions
- 5.7Photosensitivity
- 5.8DDs of Bullous Lesions
- 5.9Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections
- 5.10Angioedema
- 5.11Sebaceous Gland
- 5.12Blistering Disorders
- 5.13Chemical Peeling
- 5.14Pigmentary Disorders
- 5.15Structure of Sweat Glands and Related Disorders
- 5.16Skin Lesions
- 5.17Acne Vulgaris pathogenesis & treatment
- 5.18Deep Folliculitis and Cellulitis
- 5.19Mucocutaneous Manifestations of SLE
- 5.20Basement Membrane Zone
- 5.21Dermis and Subcutaneous Layer
- 5.22Bacterial Infections
- 5.23Fungal Infections
- 5.24Mycobacterial Infections
- 5.25Viral Infections
- 5.26Patch Test
- 5.27Pemphigus Vulgaris
- 5.28Oral Retinoids in Acne
- 5.29Erythema Multiforme
- 5.30Kaposi Sarcoma
- 5.31Lichen Planus
- 5.32Tinea Infections
- 5.33STDs
- 5.34Papulosquamous Disorders
- 5.35Skin Tumors
- 5.36Secondary Syphilis
- 5.37Hepatic Fibrosis
- 5.38Skin Lesions in Systemic Diseases
- 5.39Allergic Dermatitis
- 5.40Pigmentation
- 5.41Ulcers
- 5.42Vesicollous Disorders
- 5.43Scleroderma
- 5.44Urticaria
- 5.45Alopecia
- 5.46Clear Fluid Lesions
- 5.47Secondary Skin Lesions
- 5.48Nikolsky Sign
- 5.49Pemphigus Vulgaris
- 5.50Tzanck Smear
- 5.51Bullous Pemphigoid
- 5.52Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- 5.53Anogenital Warts
- 5.54Syphilis
- 5.55Chancroid Donovanosis
- 5.56Lymphogranuloma Venereum
- 5.57Telogen Effluvium
- 5.58Nail Psoriasis
- 5.59Genital Herpes Simplex
- 5.60Psoriasis and its Treatment
- 5.61Scabies
- 5.62Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- 5.63Atopic
- 5.64Eczema
- 5.65Pityriasis Rosea
- 5.66Kerion
- 5.67Sporotrichosis aka Rose Gardener’s Disease
- 5.68Papulonecrotic Tuberculid
- 5.69Mid-Borderline Leprosy
- 5.70Chromoblastomycosis
- 5.71Lupus Vulgaris
- 5.72Scrofuloderma
- 5.73Hansen’s Disease
- 5.74Verruca Vulgaris
- 5.75Melasma
- 5.76Mongolian Spot
- 5.77HPV Infections
- 5.78Molluscum Contagiosum
- 5.79Nevus of Ota
- 5.80Piebaldism
- 5.81Segmental Vitiligo
- 5.82Malignant Melanoma
- 5.83Basal Cell Carcinoma
- 5.84Phrynoderma
- 5.85Pellagra
- 5.86Acanthosis Nigricans
- 5.87GI Adenocarcinoma
- 5.88Glucagonoma
- 5.89Carpet Tack Sign
- 5.90CA Lung
- 5.91Discoid LE
- 5.92Dermatomyositis
- IN06 Ear, Nose & Throat101
- 6.1Tympanic Membrane
- 6.2Middle ear
- 6.3Physiology of hearing
- 6.4Physiology of Vestibular system
- 6.5Rinne’s test
- 6.6Schwabach’s & Weber’s test
- 6.7Pure tone audiometry
- 6.8Tympanometry
- 6.9Auditory brainstem response
- 6.10Conductive Hearing loss
- 6.11SNHL
- 6.12Ototoxicity
- 6.13Spontaneous Nystagmus
- 6.14Romberg’s test
- 6.15Fistula test
- 6.16Gait
- 6.17Dix Hallpike
- 6.18Caloric test
- 6.19Vertigo
- 6.20Otitis externa
- 6.21Malignant otitis externa
- 6.22Otomycosis
- 6.23Impacted wax
- 6.24Foreign bodies in ear
- 6.25Keratosis obturans
- 6.26Acute Suppurative Otitis Media (ASOM)
- 6.27Otitis media with effusion (OME)
- 6.28Otic barotrauma
- 6.29Cholesteatoma
- 6.30Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)
- 6.31Tuberculous osteomyelitis
- 6.32Mastoiditis
- 6.33Periostitis
- 6.34Extradural abscess
- 6.35Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis
- 6.36Otosclerosis
- 6.37Facial nerve and Bell’s palsy
- 6.38Ménière disease
- 6.39Acoustic neuroma
- 6.40Hearing loss in children (Deaf Child)- causes, evaluation, management
- 6.41Rehabilitation- Hearing aids classification
- 6.42BAHA
- 6.43Cochlear implants
- 6.44Otalgia- causes
- 6.45Ant lat wall of nose
- 6.46Nasal septum
- 6.47Furuncle of nose
- 6.48Deviated nasal septum (DNS)
- 6.49Nasal septal hematoma
- 6.50Perforated septum
- 6.51Atrophic rhinitis
- 6.52Rhinoscleroma
- 6.53Rhinosporidiosis
- 6.54Nasal myiasis
- 6.55Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea
- 6.56Allergic rhinitis
- 6.57Nasal Polyps
- 6.58Epistaxis
- 6.59Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS)
- 6.60Chronic rhinosinusitis (with and without polyps)
- 6.61CA maxillary sinus
- 6.62Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
- 6.63Pleomorphic adenoma
- 6.64Adenoids
- 6.65Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
- 6.66Nasopharyngeal cancer
- 6.67Acute tonsillitis chronic tonsillitis
- 6.68Ludwig angina, Retropharyngeal abscess, Quinsy, Parapharyngeal abscess
- 6.69Snoring
- 6.70Sleep apnea
- 6.71Spaces of larynx
- 6.72Laryngotracheal trauma
- 6.73Stridor
- 6.74Laryngeal paralysis
- 6.75Vocal polyp
- 6.76Laryngeal cancer
- 6.77Vocal rehabilitation
- 6.78Hoarseness
- 6.79Tracheostomy
- 6.80FB- air passages
- 6.81Constrictions + Physio deglutition
- 6.82Dysphagia
- 6.83FB in oesophagus
- 6.84Laser
- 6.85HIV in ENT
- 6.86Caldwell–Luc operation
- 6.87Laser submucosal resection (SMR)
- 6.88Septoplasty
- 6.89SMR vs Septoplasty
- 6.90Diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE)
- 6.91Laryngoscopy
- 6.92Esophagoscopy
- 6.93Bronchoscopy
- 6.94Tonsillectomy
- 6.95Adenoidectomy
- 6.96Mastoiditis
- 6.97Periostitis
- 6.98Epidural abscess
- 6.99Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis
- 6.100Radiological views in ENT
- 6.101ENT Signs
- IN07 Forensic Medicine122
- 7.1Functions of MCI
- 7.2Functions of SMC
- 7.3Professional Misconduct and Penal Erasure
- 7.4Professional Negligence and Infamous Misconduct
- 7.5Consent
- 7.6Civil and Criminal Negligence
- 7.7Res Ipsa Loquitur
- 7.8Defenses against negligence
- 7.9Transplantation of Human Organ Act, 1994
- 7.10Consumer Protection Act, 1986
- 7.11Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
- 7.12Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012
- 7.13The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
- 7.14Inquest
- 7.15Courts of Law
- 7.16Dying Declaration and Dying Deposition
- 7.17Exceptions to Oral Evidence
- 7.18Duties of a doctor in the witness box
- 7.19Capital Punishment
- 7.20Homicide
- 7.21Type of Evidence and Witness Homicide
- 7.22Cephalic index
- 7.23Intersex
- 7.24Age determination by dentition, x-rays, and mandible
- 7.25Gustafson’s method
- 7.26MLI of age
- 7.27MLI of scar, tattoo marks
- 7.28Dactylography
- 7.29Fingerprint Identification
- 7.30Difference between antemortem and PM clot
- 7.31Autopsy
- 7.32Exhumation
- 7.33Delusion
- 7.34Hallucination
- 7.35Impulse
- 7.36Difference between psychosis and neurosis
- 7.37Lucid interval
- 7.38Schizophrenia
- 7.39Testamentary capacity
- 7.40Section 84 IPC
- 7.41Somnambulism
- 7.42Impotence, Sterility, Frigidity, Quod
- 7.43Vaginismus
- 7.44Artificial Insemination
- 7.45Surrogate mother
- 7.46Erectile dysfunction and sterility in males
- 7.47Impotence and sterility in females
- 7.48Hymen
- 7.49Difference between true virgin and false virgin
- 7.50Presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy
- 7.51Superfecundation and superfetation and their MLI
- 7.52Difference between nulliparous and parous uterus
- 7.53Classification of sexual offences
- 7.54Section 375 IPC
- 7.55Punishment of rape 376 IPC
- 7.56Examination of rape victim/survivor
- 7.57Locard’s exchange principle
- 7.58Sodomy/Buggery
- 7.59Tribadism/Lesbianism
- 7.60Sexual paraphilias types
- 7.61Exhibitonism, frotteurism/toucherism
- 7.62Seminal strains test
- 7.63Grievous hurt, section 320 IPC
- 7.64Joule burn
- 7.65Classification of thermal injuries
- 7.66Heat hyperpyrexia/Heat stroke
- 7.67Burns
- 7.68Difference between pugilistic attitude and rigor mortis
- 7.69Skull fractures
- 7.70Extradural/Epidural hematoma
- 7.71Bullet types
- 7.72Components of gun powder
- 7.73Abrasion
- 7.74Contusion
- 7.75Laceration
- 7.76Ectopic/Migratory bruise
- 7.77Fabricated/forged wounds
- 7.78Intracranial hemorrhages
- 7.79Cold injuries- frostbite
- 7.80Would ballistics
- 7.81Asphyxia Causes/Classification of asphyxia deaths
- 7.82Lynching
- 7.83Difference between hanging and strangulation
- 7.84Cafe coronary syndrome
- 7.85Post-mortem examination of a drowning case
- 7.86Diatom test
- 7.87Sexual asphyxia
- 7.88Rigor mortis/Stiffness of death
- 7.89Cadaveric spasm
- 7.90Heat stiffening
- 7.91Order of putrefaction
- 7.92Mummification
- 7.93Brain stem death
- 7.94Death: Cause, manner and mode
- 7.95Sudden death
- 7.96Tache noire
- 7.97Hydrostatic test
- 7.98Cause of infant death
- 7.99Shaken baby syndrome or infantile whiplash syndrome
- 7.100Difference between live born, dead born, and stillborn fetus
- 7.101Hydrostatic test
- 7.102Section 284 IPC
- 7.103Classification of poison
- 7.104Organophosphorus compounds poisoning
- 7.105Alphos poisoning
- 7.106Vitriolage
- 7.107Chronic arsenic poisoning
- 7.108Hydragyrism
- 7.109Phossy jaw/Lucifer’s jaw/Glass jaw
- 7.110Sui
- 7.111Difference between true and artificial bruise
- 7.112Signs and symptoms of Ophitoxemia
- 7.113Snake poisoning
- 7.114Widmark’s formula
- 7.115LSD
- 7.116Date rape drugs
- 7.117Poat-mortem artefacts
- 7.118Transportation injuries
- 7.119Confirmatory tests for blood
- 7.120Medico-legal application of blood groups
- 7.121Section 85 IPC
- 7.122Precipitin methods
- IN08 Internal Medicine446
- 8.1Hiatal Hernia
- 8.2Achalasia
- 8.3Esophageal Cancer
- 8.4Esophageal Spasm
- 8.5Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- 8.6Infectious Esophagitis
- 8.7Rings and Webs
- 8.8Zenker Diverticulum
- 8.9Scleroderma
- 8.10Mallory-Weiss Tear
- 8.11Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
- 8.12Epigastric Pain
- 8.13Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- 8.14Barrett Esophagus
- 8.15Gastritis
- 8.16Peptic Ulcer Disease
- 8.17Gastric Ulcers
- 8.18Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia
- 8.19Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)
- 8.20Diabetic Gastroparesis
- 8.21Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- 8.22Ischemic Colitis
- 8.23Variceal Bleeding
- 8.24Esophageal and Gastric Varices
- 8.25Diarrhea
- 8.26Malabsorption
- 8.27Chronic Pancreatitis
- 8.28Carcinoid Syndrome
- 8.29Lactose Intolerance
- 8.30Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 8.31Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 8.32Short Bowel Syndrome
- 8.33Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
- 8.34Microscopic Colitis
- 8.35Diverticular Disorders
- 8.36Colon Cancer Screening
- 8.37Screening with a Family History of Colon Cancer
- 8.38Other Polyposis Syndromes
- 8.39Acute Pancreatitis
- 8.40Autoimmune (IgG4-Related) Pancreatitis
- 8.41Pancreatic Cancer
- 8.42Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
- 8.43Liver Disease
- 8.44Ascites
- 8.45Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis
- 8.46Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
- 8.47Alcoholic Liver Disease
- 8.48Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)
- 8.49Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- 8.50Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
- 8.51Hemochromatosis
- 8.52Chronic Hepatitis B and C
- 8.53Chronic Hepatitis C
- 8.54Wilson Disease
- 8.55Autoimmune Hepatitis
- 8.56Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
- 8.57Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score
- 8.58Benign Liver Lesions
- 8.59Pituitary Incidentaloma
- 8.60Empty Sella Syndrome
- 8.61Panhypopituitarism
- 8.62Posterior Pituitary
- 8.63Diabetes Insipidus
- 8.64Acromegaly
- 8.65Hyperprolactinemia
- 8.66Gynecomastia
- 8.67Hypothyroidism
- 8.68Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
- 8.69Hyperthyroidism
- 8.70Thyroid Nodules
- 8.71Hypercalcemia
- 8.72Hyperparathyroidism
- 8.73Hypocalcemia
- 8.74Paget Disease of Bone
- 8.75Hypercortisolism
- 8.76Evaluation of Adrenal “Incidentaloma”
- 8.77Hypoadrenalism
- 8.78Primary Hyperaldosteronism
- 8.79Pheochromocytoma
- 8.80Insulinoma
- 8.81Glucagonoma
- 8.82VIPoma
- 8.83Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes
- 8.84Hypoglycemia
- 8.85Diabetes Mellitus
- 8.86Type 1 DM
- 8.87Type 2 DM
- 8.88Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- 8.89Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (NKHS)
- 8.90Health Maintenance
- 8.91Complications of Diabetes
- 8.92Hirsutism and Virilization
- 8.93Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- 8.94Syncope
- 8.95Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- 8.96Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease
- 8.97Family History in CAD
- 8.98Hyperlipidemia
- 8.99Chest pain
- 8.100Electrocardiogram
- 8.101Cardiac enzymes
- 8.102Stress (Exercise Tolerance) Testing
- 8.103Coronary Angiography
- 8.104Holter Monitoring
- 8.105Antiplatelet Therapy
- 8.106ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
- 8.107Beta Blockers
- 8.108Lipid Management
- 8.109Other Lipid-Lowering Therapies
- 8.110PCSK9 Inhibitors
- 8.111Calcium Channel Blockers
- 8.112Ranolazine
- 8.113Revascularization
- 8.114Acute Coronary Syndromes
- 8.115ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 8.116Angioplasty versus Thrombolytics
- 8.117ST Segment Depression ACS
- 8.118Treatment Differences between Cardiac Events
- 8.119Acute Coronary Syndromes Treatment Algorithm
- 8.120Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
- 8.121Bradycardia
- 8.122Tachycardia
- 8.123Preparation for Discharge from Hospital
- 8.124Congestive Heart Failure
- 8.125Congestive Heart Failure Investigations
- 8.126CHF Diagnostic Tests
- 8.127CHF Treatment
- 8.128Acute Pulmonary Edema
- 8.129Valvular Heart Disease
- 8.130Mitral Stenosis
- 8.131Aortic Stenosis
- 8.132Mitral Regurgitation
- 8.133Aortic Regurgitation
- 8.134Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- 8.135Mitral Valve Prolapse
- 8.136Cardiomyopathy
- 8.137Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- 8.138Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- 8.139Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- 8.140Myocarditis
- 8.141Pericardial Disease
- 8.142Pericarditis
- 8.143Pericardial Tamponade
- 8.144Constrictive Pericarditis
- 8.145Peripheral Artery Disease
- 8.146Aortic Disease
- 8.147Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
- 8.148Eisenmenger Syndrome
- 8.149Asthma
- 8.150Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 8.151Bronchiectasis
- 8.152Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
- 8.153Cystic Fibrosis
- 8.154Pneumonia
- 8.155Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia or Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
- 8.156Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
- 8.157Pneumococcal Vaccination
- 8.158Lung Abscess
- 8.159Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- 8.160Tuberculosis
- 8.161Tuberculosis: Toxicity of Therapy
- 8.162Latent Tuberculosis Testing (IGRA and PPD)
- 8.163Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection
- 8.164Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
- 8.165Interstitial Lung Disease
- 8.166Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
- 8.167Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
- 8.168Eosinophilic Pneumonia
- 8.169Sarcoidosis
- 8.170Thromboembolic Disease
- 8.171Pulmonary Hypertension
- 8.172Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- 8.173Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)
- 8.174Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 8.175Staphylococcus
- 8.176Anaerobes
- 8.177Gram-Negative Bacilli
- 8.178ESBL-Producing Organisms
- 8.179Meningitis
- 8.180Encephalitis
- 8.181Influenza (The “Flu”)
- 8.182Infectious Diarrhea
- 8.183Hepatitis
- 8.184Chronic Hepatitis
- 8.185Urethritis
- 8.186Cervicitis
- 8.187Epididymitis
- 8.188Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- 8.189Ulcerative Genital Disease
- 8.190Syphilis
- 8.191Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)
- 8.192Pediculosis ( Crabs)
- 8.193Scabies
- 8.194Cystitis
- 8.195Pyelonephritis
- 8.196Acute Prostatitis
- 8.197Perinephric Abscess
- 8.198Endocarditis
- 8.199Lyme Disease
- 8.200Asymptomatic Tick Bite
- 8.201HIV/AIDS
- 8.202Coccidioidomycosis
- 8.203Histoplasmosis
- 8.204Blastomycosis
- 8.205Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)
- 8.206Invasive Aspergillosis
- 8.207Candida auris
- 8.208Cholera
- 8.209Malaria
- 8.210Mosquito-Transmitted Viral Syndromes
- 8.211Chikungunya
- 8.212Dengue
- 8.213Zika
- 8.214Ebola
- 8.215Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)
- 8.216Anthrax
- 8.217Babesiosis
- 8.218Bartonellosis
- 8.219Brucellosis
- 8.220Echinococcosis
- 8.221Ehrlichiosis (Monocytic) and Anaplasmosis (Granulocytic)
- 8.222Leptospirosis
- 8.223Leishmaniasis
- 8.224Plague
- 8.225Tularemia
- 8.226Anaphylaxis
- 8.227Angioedema
- 8.228Urticaria
- 8.229Allergic Rhinitis
- 8.230Common Variable Immunodeficiency
- 8.231X-linked ( Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia
- 8.232Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
- 8.233IgA Deficiency
- 8.234Hyper IgE Syndrome
- 8.235Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
- 8.236Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- 8.237Osteoarthritis
- 8.238Gout
- 8.239Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease, or “Pseudogout”
- 8.240Low Back Pain
- 8.241Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- 8.242Fibromyalgia
- 8.243Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- 8.244Dupuytren Contracture
- 8.245Rotator Cuff Injury
- 8.246Patellofemoral Syndrome
- 8.247Plantar Fasciitis
- 8.248Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 8.249Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis or Adult Still Disease
- 8.250Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 8.251Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- 8.252Scleroderma ( Systemic Sclerosis)/CREST
- 8.253CREST versus Scleroderma CREST syndrome
- 8.254Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
- 8.255Inclusion Body Myositis
- 8.256Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
- 8.257Sjögren Syndrome
- 8.258Polyarteritis Nodosa
- 8.259Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- 8.260Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- 8.261Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- 8.262Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- 8.263Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
- 8.264Cryoglobulinemia
- 8.265Behçet Syndrome
- 8.266Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
- 8.267Ankylosing Spondylitis
- 8.268Psoriatic Arthritis
- 8.269Reactive Arthritis ( Reiter Syndrome)
- 8.270Osteoporosis
- 8.271Septic Arthritis
- 8.272Prosthetic Joint Infection
- 8.273Gonococcal Arthritis ( Gonorrhea)
- 8.274Osteomyelitis
- 8.275Anemia
- 8.276Macrocytic Anemia
- 8.277Normocytic Anemia
- 8.278Microcytic Anemia
- 8.279Macrocytic Anemia
- 8.280Hemolytic Anemia
- 8.281Sickle Cell Disease
- 8.282Aplastic Crisis
- 8.283Sickle Cell Trait
- 8.284Hereditary Spherocytosis
- 8.285Autoimmune ( Warm or IgG) Hemolysis
- 8.286Cold Agglutinin Disease
- 8.287Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- 8.288Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- 8.289Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- 8.290Aplastic Anemia
- 8.291Polycythemia Vera
- 8.292Essential Thrombocytosis
- 8.293Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
- 8.294Systemic Mastocytosis
- 8.295Myelofibrosis
- 8.296Acute Leukemia
- 8.297Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- 8.298Leukostasis Reaction
- 8.299Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- 8.300Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- 8.301Hairy Cell Leukemia
- 8.302Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 8.303Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
- 8.304Hodgkin Disease
- 8.305Multiple Myeloma
- 8.306Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance
- 8.307Smoldering Myeloma
- 8.308Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
- 8.309Bleeding Disorders
- 8.310Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
- 8.311Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)
- 8.312Glanzmann Thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
- 8.313Hemophilia
- 8.314Factor XI Deficiency
- 8.315Factor XII Deficiency These patients
- 8.316Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 8.317Hypercoagulable States/ Thrombophilia
- 8.318Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- 8.319Antiphospholipid Syndromes
- 8.320Stroke
- 8.321Statins
- 8.322Evaluation of Causes of Stroke and Their Treatment
- 8.323Control of Risk Factors for Stroke
- 8.324Headache
- 8.325Abortive Therapy for Migraine and Cluster Headache
- 8.326Prophylactic (Preventive) Therapy for Migraine
- 8.327Headache Management
- 8.328Trigeminal Neuralgia
- 8.329Postherpetic Neuralgia
- 8.330Prevention of Herpes Zoster ( Shingles)
- 8.331Seizures
- 8.332Delirium, Stupor, and Coma
- 8.333Status Epilepticus
- 8.334Classification of Seizure Disorders
- 8.335Antiepileptic Drugs
- 8.336Choice of Antiepileptic Drugs
- 8.337Discontinuance of Medication
- 8.338Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- 8.339Electrocardiographic Findings with Intracranial Bleeding
- 8.340Treatment Intracranial Bleeding
- 8.341Cerebral Vein Thrombosis
- 8.342Anterior Spinal Artery Infarction
- 8.343Spinal Trauma
- 8.344Brown-Sequard Syndrome
- 8.345Syringomyelia
- 8.346Brain Abscess
- 8.347Tuberous Sclerosis
- 8.348Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen Disease)
- 8.349Sturge-Weber Syndrome
- 8.350Essential Tremor
- 8.351Parkinsonism
- 8.352Restless Leg Syndrome
- 8.353Huntington Disease
- 8.354Tourette Disorder
- 8.355Multiple Sclerosis
- 8.356Motor Neuron Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 8.357Pseudobulbar Affect
- 8.358Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- 8.359Peripheral Neuropathy
- 8.360Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
- 8.361Facial ( Seventh Cranial) Nerve Palsy or Bell Palsy
- 8.362Acute Inflammatory Polyneuropathy ( Guillain- Barré Syndrome)
- 8.363Miller-Fisher Syndrome
- 8.364Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS)
- 8.365Myasthenia Gravis
- 8.366Dementia
- 8.367Lewy Body Dementia
- 8.368Frontotemporal Dementia
- 8.369Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
- 8.370Preventing Falls
- 8.371Urinalysis
- 8.372Protein in urine
- 8.373White Blood Cells in urine
- 8.374Hematuria
- 8.375Casts
- 8.376Acute Kidney Injury
- 8.377Presentation of Postrenal Azotemia
- 8.378Drugs That Raise Creatinine in Normal Renal Function
- 8.379Tests for AKI of Unclear Etiology
- 8.380Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- 8.381When Is Dialysis the Answer?
- 8.382Hepatorenal Syndrome
- 8.383Atheroemboli
- 8.384Acute (Allergic) Interstitial Nephritis
- 8.385Analgesic Nephropathy
- 8.386Papillary Necrosis
- 8.387Differences between Pyelonephritis and Papillary Necrosis
- 8.388Summary of Tubular Disease
- 8.389Glomerular Diseases
- 8.390Goodpasture Syndrome
- 8.391IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)
- 8.392Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
- 8.393Alport Syndrome
- 8.394Polyarteritis Nodosa
- 8.395Lupus Nephritis
- 8.396Amyloidosis
- 8.397Nephrotic Syndrome
- 8.398End-Stage Renal Disease
- 8.399Manifestations of Renal Failure
- 8.400Treatment of the Manifestations of ESRD
- 8.401Complications of ESRD
- 8.402Kidney Transplantation
- 8.403Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
- 8.404Cystic Disease
- 8.405Polycystic Kidney Disease
- 8.406Hypernatremia
- 8.407Hyponatremia
- 8.408Hyperkalemia
- 8.409Hypokalemia
- 8.410Phosphate
- 8.411Renal Tubular Acidosis
- 8.412Distal RTA (Type I)
- 8.413Proximal RTA (Type II)
- 8.414Hyporeninemia, Hypoaldosteronism (Type IV RTA)
- 8.415Urine Anion Gap
- 8.416Metabolic Acidosis
- 8.417Metabolic Alkalosis
- 8.418Arterial Blood Gas in Metabolic Alkalosis
- 8.419Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
- 8.420Nephrolithiasis
- 8.421Long-Term Management of Nephrolithiasis
- 8.422Metabolic Acidosis and Stone Formation
- 8.423Hypertension
- 8.424HTN Drug Therapy
- 8.425Hypertensive Crisis
- 8.426Breast Cancer
- 8.427Mammography
- 8.428Breast Cancer Treatment
- 8.429Prostate Cancer
- 8.430Management That Is Definitely Not Beneficial in Prostate Cancer
- 8.431Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- 8.432Lung Cancer
- 8.433Ovarian Cancer
- 8.434Mediastinal Masses
- 8.435Mesothelioma
- 8.436Testicular Cancer
- 8.437Cervical Cancer
- 8.438Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea
- 8.439ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in CHF
- 8.440Beta Blockers in CHF
- 8.441Spironolactone in CHF
- 8.442Diuretics in CHF
- 8.443Digoxin in CHF
- 8.444Devices for CHF Treatment
- 8.445Transplantation in CHF
- 8.446Treatment of Diastolic Dysfunction (CHF with Preserved Ejection Fraction)
- IN09 Microbiology147
- 9.1Contributions of Louis Pasteur
- 9.2Important in microbiology
- 9.3Bacterial growth curve
- 9.4The steps of hand washing
- 9.5Steps of donning and doffing
- 9.6CAUTI and VAP
- 9.7Definitions of sterilization, disinfection, and cleaning
- 9.8Types of masks
- 9.9Autoclave
- 9.10ETO
- 9.11Disinfectants
- 9.12Color coding of dustbins
- 9.13Methods to test the efficacy of sterilant
- 9.14Definition and management of needle stick injury
- 9.15Bacterial structures
- 9.16Cell envelope Gram+ve Vs Gram -ve
- 9.17Stains
- 9.18Special culture requirements
- 9.19Anaerobes
- 9.20Intracellular bacteria
- 9.21Encapsulated bacteria
- 9.22Urease-positive organisms
- 9.23Catalase-positive organisms
- 9.24Pigment-producing bacteria
- 9.25In vivo biofilmproducing bacteria
- 9.26Spore-forming bacteria
- 9.27Bacterial virulence factors
- 9.28Antibiotic resistance mechanisms
- 9.29Bacterial genetics
- 9.30Exotoxins and endotoxins
- 9.31Bacteria with exotoxins
- 9.32Gram-positive lab algorithm
- 9.33Hemolytic bacteria
- 9.34Staphylococcus aureus
- 9.35Staphylococcus epidermidis
- 9.36Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- 9.37Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 9.38Viridans group streptococci
- 9.39Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci)
- 9.40Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
- 9.41Streptococcus gallolyticus
- 9.42Enterococci
- 9.43Bacillus anthracis
- 9.44Bacillus cereus
- 9.45Clostridioides difficile
- 9.46Clostridia Tetani, botulinism, perfringens
- 9.47Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- 9.48Listeria monocytogenes
- 9.49Nocardia vs Actinomyces
- 9.50Mycobacteria
- 9.51Tuberculosis
- 9.52Leprosy
- 9.53Gram-negative lab algorithm
- 9.54Neisseria
- 9.55Haemophilus influenzae
- 9.56Burkholderia cepacia complex
- 9.57Bordetella pertussis
- 9.58Brucella
- 9.59Legionella pneumophila
- 9.60Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 9.61Salmonella
- 9.62Shigella
- 9.63Salmonella vs Shigella
- 9.64Yersinia enterocolitica
- 9.65Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
- 9.66Escherichia coli
- 9.67Klebsiella
- 9.68Campylobacter jejuni
- 9.69Proteus mirabilis
- 9.70Vibrio cholerae
- 9.71Helicobacter pylori
- 9.72Spirochetes
- 9.73Lyme disease
- 9.74Leptospira interrogans
- 9.75Syphilis
- 9.76Diagnosing syphilis
- 9.77Chlamydiae
- 9.78Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
- 9.79Gardnerella vaginalis
- 9.80Zoonotic bacteria
- 9.81Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illnesses
- 9.82Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- 9.83Systemic mycoses
- 9.84Opportunistic fungal infections
- 9.85Pneumocystis jirovecii
- 9.86Sporothrix schenckii
- 9.87Protozoa—gastrointestinal infections
- 9.88Protozoa—CNS infections
- 9.89Protozoa—hematologic infections
- 9.90Protozoa—Visceral infections
- 9.91Protozoa—Sexually transmitted infections
- 9.92Nematode routes of infection
- 9.93Nematodes- Intestinal
- 9.94Nematodes- Tissue
- 9.95Cestodes
- 9.96Trematodes
- 9.97Ectoparasites
- 9.98Parasite hints
- 9.99Viral structure—general features
- 9.100Viral genetics
- 9.101Viral genomes
- 9.102Viral envelopes
- 9.103DNA viruses
- 9.104Herpesviruses
- 9.105HSV identification
- 9.106Receptors used by viruses
- 9.107RNA viruses
- 9.108Picornavirus
- 9.109Rhinovirus
- 9.110Rotavirus
- 9.111Influenza viruses
- 9.112Rubella virus
- 9.113Paramyxoviruses
- 9.114Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
- 9.115Measles (rubeola) virus
- 9.116Mumps virus
- 9.117Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
- 9.118Yellow fever virus
- 9.119Zika virus
- 9.120Rabies virus
- 9.121Ebola virus
- 9.122Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- 9.123Hepatitis viruses
- 9.124Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B and C
- 9.125Hepatitis serologic markers
- 9.126HIV
- 9.127HIV diagnosis
- 9.128Common diseases of HIV-positive adults
- 9.129Prions
- 9.130Normal microbiota
- 9.131Bugs causing foodborne illness
- 9.132Bugs causing diarrhea
- 9.133Common causes of pneumonia
- 9.134Pnemonia in other groups
- 9.135Common causes of meningitis
- 9.136Cerebrospinal fluid findings in meningitis
- 9.137Infections causing brain abscess
- 9.138Osteomyelitis
- 9.139Red rashes of childhood
- 9.140Urinary tract infections
- 9.141Common vaginal infections
- 9.142Sexually transmitted infections
- 9.143TORCH infections
- 9.144Pelvic inflammatory disease
- 9.145Healthcare-associated infections
- 9.146Bugs affecting unvaccinated children
- 9.147FUO
- IN10 Obstetrics and Gynaecology105
- 10.1Amenorrhea
- 10.2Dating Methods
- 10.3Trimester Breakdown
- 10.4Term Lengths
- 10.5Gravidity/ Parity
- 10.6Signs of Pregnancy
- 10.7Diagnostic Evaluation of pregnancy
- 10.8Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
- 10.9Prenatal Care: First Trimester
- 10.10Prenatal Care: Second Trimester
- 10.11Prenatal Care: Third Trimester
- 10.12Braxton-Hicks Contractions
- 10.13Chorionic Villus Sampling
- 10.14Amniocentesis
- 10.15Nonstress Test (NST)
- 10.16Biophysical Profile
- 10.17Electronic Fetal Monitoring
- 10.18Physiological Changes Before Labor
- 10.19Stages of labor
- 10.20Stage 1
- 10.21Stage 2
- 10.22Stage 3
- 10.23Induction of Labor
- 10.24Ectopic Pregnancy
- 10.25Abortion
- 10.26Recurrent Fetal Loss
- 10.27Multiple Gestations
- 10.28Preterm Labor
- 10.29Evaluation:Preterm Labor
- 10.30Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
- 10.31Chorioamnionitis or “Triple I”
- 10.32Placenta Previa
- 10.33Vasa Previa and Velamentous Cord Insertion
- 10.34Umbilical Cord Prolapse
- 10.35Placental Invasion (Accreta, Increta, Percreta)
- 10.36Placental Abruption
- 10.37Uterine Rupture
- 10.38Rh Incompatibility
- 10.39Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
- 10.40Intrauterine Growth Restriction
- 10.41Macrosomia
- 10.42Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- 10.43Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
- 10.44Acute Cystitis
- 10.45Acute Pyelonephritis
- 10.46Pulmonary Embolism and DVT in Pregnancy
- 10.47Cervical Cancer during Pregnancy
- 10.48PEP/PUPPP
- 10.49Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
- 10.50Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
- 10.51Hypertension
- 10.52Gestational Hypertension
- 10.53Eclampsia
- 10.54Preeclampsia
- 10.55HELLP Syndrome
- 10.56Pregestational Diabetes
- 10.57Gestational Diabetes
- 10.58Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy
- 10.59Prolonged Latent Stage
- 10.60Protracted Cervical Dilation
- 10.61Malpresentation
- 10.62Shoulder Dystocia
- 10.63Uterine Inversion
- 10.64Lactational Mastitis
- 10.65Postpartum Blues and Depression
- 10.66Postpartum Hemorrhage
- 10.67Breastfeeding
- 10.68Late Pregnancy Complications
- 10.69Infections in Pregnancy
- 10.70Breast Cysts
- 10.71Benign Breast Masses
- 10.72Breast Cancer
- 10.73Breast Cancer Screening
- 10.74BRCA Screening
- 10.75Malignant and Premalignant Breast Lesions
- 10.76Primary Amenorrhea
- 10.77Secondary Amenorrhea
- 10.78Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- 10.79Menopause
- 10.80Contraception
- 10.81Surgical sterilization
- 10.82Emergency Contraception
- 10.83Labial Fusion
- 10.84Epithelial Abnormalities
- 10.85Bartholin Gland Cyst
- 10.86Vaginitis
- 10.87Malignant Vulvar Disorders
- 10.88Cervicitis
- 10.89Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- 10.90Tubo-Ovarian Abscess (TOA)
- 10.91Fitz-Hugh and Curtis Syndrome
- 10.92Cervical Cancer Screening
- 10.93Abnormal Cervical Cancer
- 10.94HPV Prevention
- 10.95Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- 10.96Ovulatory Dysfunction
- 10.97Dysmenorrhea
- 10.98Postmenopausal Bleeding
- 10.99Endometrial Polyp
- 10.100Adenomyosis
- 10.101Leiomyoma
- 10.102Endometriosis
- 10.103Endometrial Hyperplasia/Carcinoma
- 10.104Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- 10.105Ovarian Cancer
- IN11 Ophthalmology57
- 11.1Lens: Anatomy and Physiology of lens
- 11.2Cataract
- 11.3Types of Cataracts
- 11.4Cataract Surgeries, their procedure, and complications
- 11.5Hypopyon corneal ulcer
- 11.6Mycotic corneal ulcer
- 11.7Corneal ulcer
- 11.8Corneal opacities
- 11.9Congenital abnormalities of the Cornea
- 11.10Cornea degeneration
- 11.11Vision Assessment
- 11.12Strabismus to Amblyopia
- 11.13Chalazion
- 11.14Orbital Cellulitis
- 11.15Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
- 11.16Hypermetropia
- 11.17Myopia Scleritis and Episcleritis
- 11.18Hypertensive & Diabetic Retinopathy
- 11.19Red eye
- 11.20Anterior uveitis
- 11.21Hyphema
- 11.22Glaucoma
- 11.23Drugs: Pilocarpine Timolol Atropine Acyclovir Cyclopentolate
- 11.24Vitamin A
- 11.25Vision 2020
- 11.26Sudden loss of vision Retina: CRVO, CRAO, CME, CSR
- 11.27Retinoscopy
- 11.28Festooned pupil
- 11.29Retinal detachment
- 11.30Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- 11.31Ophthalmoscope
- 11.32Dry eye
- 11.33Penetrating keratoplasty
- 11.34Keratitis
- 11.35Bacterial conjunctivitis
- 11.36Allergic conjunctivitis-full
- 11.37Xerophthalmia
- 11.38Phlyctenular
- 11.39Keratoconjunctivitis
- 11.40Pterygium
- 11.41Trachoma
- 11.42Anterior uveitis
- 11.43Epiphora
- 11.44Chronic dacryocystitis
- 11.45Acute dacryocystitis
- 11.46Congenital dacryocystitis
- 11.47Optics
- 11.48Types of refractive errors
- 11.49Neuro-Ophthalmology
- 11.50Toxic Amblyopia
- 11.51Optic neuritis
- 11.52Squint: Paralytic squint, Concomitant squint
- 11.53White pupillary reflex
- 11.54Blowout fracture of the orbit
- 11.55Thyroid eye disease
- 11.56Blunt injury of the eye
- 11.57NBCP
- IN12 Orthopaedics41
- 12.1Joint infection- Septic arthritis
- 12.2Bone infection- osteomyelitis
- 12.3Skeletal Tuberculosis
- 12.4Benign Tumours
- 12.5Malignant Bone Tumours
- 12.6Cerebral palsy
- 12.7Poliomyelitis
- 12.8Peripheral Nerve Injury
- 12.9Brachial Plexus Injury
- 12.10Periosteal Reaction
- 12.11Osteomalacia
- 12.12Osteoporosis
- 12.13Osteopetrosis and Paget’s
- 12.14Achondroplasia
- 12.15Dislocation- Shoulder and Elbow
- 12.16Fractures- Clavicle, Humerus, Supracondylar humerus, Lateral condyle humerus, Colles and Carpo metacarpal injuries.
- 12.17Dislocations- Hip and Knee
- 12.18Fractures- Hip, Femur shaft, Patella, Tibia and Calcaneum.
- 12.19Paediatrics Orthopaedics
- 12.20CTEV
- 12.21Genu Varum
- 12.22Avascular Necrosis
- 12.23Polio
- 12.24Dupuytren’s contracture
- 12.25Osteoarthritis
- 12.26R.A and Ankylosing spondylitis
- 12.27Gout
- 12.28Prosthesis, orthoses and splints
- 12.29Orthopaedic implants
- 12.30Fracture of the spine
- 12.31Fracture pelvis
- 12.32Fracture acetabulum
- 12.33Fracture proximal femur
- 12.34Fracture shaft femur
- 12.35Fracture distal femur, patella and proximal tibia
- 12.36Fracture Tibia and Fibula
- 12.37Calcaneum and Foot Bones
- 12.38Fracture of the ankle
- 12.39Knee and ankle ligament injuries
- 12.40Miscellaneous Sports Injuries
- 12.41Rehabilitation
- IN13 Pathology341
- 13.1Cellular adaptations
- 13.2Cell injury
- 13.3Apoptosis
- 13.4Necrosis
- 13.5Ischemia
- 13.6Types of infarcts
- 13.7Free radical injury
- 13.8Ionizing radiation toxicity
- 13.9Types of calcification
- 13.10Psammoma bodies
- 13.11Amyloidosis
- 13.12Inflammation
- 13.13Acute phase reactants
- 13.14Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- 13.15Acute inflammation
- 13.16Leukocyte extravasation
- 13.17Chronic inflammation
- 13.18Wound healing
- 13.19Granulomatous inflammation
- 13.20Scar formation
- 13.21Neoplasia and neoplastic progression
- 13.22Tumor nomenclature
- 13.23Tumor grade vs stage
- 13.24Hallmarks of cancer
- 13.25Immune checkpoint interactions
- 13.26Cancer epidemiology
- 13.27Common metastases
- 13.28Oncogenes
- 13.29Tumor suppressor genes
- 13.30Carcinogens
- 13.31Oncogenic microbes
- 13.32Serum tumor markers
- 13.33Liquid biopsy
- 13.34Important immunohistochemical stains
- 13.35P-glycoprotein
- 13.36Paraneoplastic syndromes
- 13.37Normal aging
- 13.38Lipofuscin
- 13.39Congenital heart diseases R-L shunts
- 13.40Congenital heart diseases L-R shunts
- 13.41Coarctation of the aorta
- 13.42Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
- 13.43Congenital cardiac defect associations
- 13.44Hypertension
- 13.45Hyperlipidemia signs
- 13.46Atherosclerosis
- 13.47Cholesterol emboli syndrome
- 13.48Arteriolosclerosis
- 13.49Aortic aneurysm
- 13.50Traumatic aortic rupture
- 13.51Aortic dissection
- 13.52Subclavian steal syndrome
- 13.53Coronary artery disease
- 13.54Ischemic heart disease manifestations
- 13.55Evolution of myocardial infarction
- 13.56Diagnosis of myocardial infarction
- 13.57ECG localization of STEMI
- 13.58Narrow complex tachycardias
- 13.59Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- 13.60Wide complex tachycardias
- 13.61Hereditary channelopathies
- 13.62Sick sinus syndrome
- 13.63Conduction blocks
- 13.64Premature beats
- 13.65Myocardial infarction complications
- 13.66Acute coronary syndrome treatments
- 13.67Cardiomyopathies
- 13.68Heart failure
- 13.69High-output heart failure
- 13.70Shock
- 13.71Cardiac tamponade
- 13.72Pulsus paradoxus
- 13.73Syncope
- 13.74Infective endocarditis
- 13.75Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
- 13.76Rheumatic fever
- 13.77Syphilitic heart disease
- 13.78Acute pericarditis
- 13.79Constrictive pericarditis
- 13.80Kussmaul sign
- 13.81Myocarditis
- 13.82Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- 13.83Cardiac tumors
- 13.84Deep venous thrombosis
- 13.85Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
- 13.86Primary polydipsia and diabetes insipidus
- 13.87Hypopituitarism
- 13.88Acromegaly
- 13.89Hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism
- 13.90Hypothyroidism
- 13.91Hyperthyroidism
- 13.92Causes of goiter
- 13.93Thyroid adenoma
- 13.94Thyroid cancer
- 13.95Diagnosing parathyroid disease
- 13.96Hypoparathyroidism
- 13.97Lab values in hypocalcemic disorders
- 13.98Hyperparathyroidism
- 13.99Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
- 13.100Diabetes mellitus
- 13.101Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.102Hyperglycemic emergencies
- 13.103Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus
- 13.104Cushing syndrome
- 13.105Adrenal insufficiency
- 13.106Hyperaldosteronism
- 13.107Neuroendocrine tumors
- 13.108Pheochromocytoma
- 13.109Multiple endocrine neoplasias
- 13.110Pancreatic islet cell tumors
- 13.111Carcinoid tumors
- 13.112Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- 13.113Oral pathologies
- 13.114Achalasia
- 13.115Other esophageal pathologies
- 13.116Barrett esophagus
- 13.117Esophageal cancer
- 13.118Gastritis
- 13.119Ménétrier disease
- 13.120Gastric cancer
- 13.121Peptic ulcer disease
- 13.122Ulcer complications
- 13.123Acute gastrointestinal bleeding
- 13.124Malabsorption syndromes
- 13.125Inflammatory bowel diseases
- 13.126Microscopic colitis
- 13.127Irritable bowel syndrome
- 13.128Appendicitis
- 13.129Diverticula of the GI tract
- 13.130Zenker diverticulum
- 13.131Meckel diverticulum
- 13.132Hirschsprung disease
- 13.133Malrotation
- 13.134Intussusception
- 13.135Volvulus
- 13.136Short bowel syndrome
- 13.137Other intestinal disorders
- 13.138Colonic polyps
- 13.139Polyposis syndromes
- 13.140Lynch syndrome
- 13.141Colorectal cancer
- 13.142Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
- 13.143Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
- 13.144Budd-Chiari syndrome
- 13.145Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- 13.146Serum markers of liver pathology
- 13.147Reye syndrome
- 13.148Alcoholic liver disease
- 13.149Steatotic liver disease
- 13.150Autoimmune hepatitis
- 13.151Hepatic encephalopathy
- 13.152Liver tumors
- 13.153ɑ1-antitrypsin deficiency
- 13.154Jaundice
- 13.155Benign neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
- 13.156Biliary atresia
- 13.157Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias
- 13.158Wilson disease
- 13.159Hemochromatosis
- 13.160Biliary tract disease
- 13.161Cholelithiasis and related pathologies
- 13.162Cholangiocarcinoma
- 13.163Pancreatitis
- 13.164Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- 13.165RBC morphology
- 13.166RBC inclusions
- 13.167Anemias
- 13.168Reticulocyte production index
- 13.169Mentzer index
- 13.170Interpretation of iron studies
- 13.171Microcytic, hypochromic anemias
- 13.172Macrocytic anemias
- 13.173Normocytic, normochromic anemias
- 13.174Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemias
- 13.175Intrinsic hemolytic anemias
- 13.176Extrinsic hemolytic anemias
- 13.177Leukopenias
- 13.178Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning
- 13.179Iron poisoning
- 13.180Coagulation disorders
- 13.181Platelet disorders
- 13.182Thrombotic microangiopathies
- 13.183Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders
- 13.184Hereditary thrombophilias
- 13.185Blood transfusion therapy
- 13.186Leukemia vs lymphoma
- 13.187Hodgkin vs non‑Hodgkin lymphoma
- 13.188Hodgkin lymphoma
- 13.189Non‑Hodgkin lymphoma
- 13.190Plasma cell dyscrasias
- 13.191Myelodysplastic syndromes
- 13.192Leukemias
- 13.193Myeloproliferative neoplasms
- 13.194Leukemoid reaction vs chronic myelogenous leukemia
- 13.195Polycythemia
- 13.196Chromosomal translocations
- 13.197Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- 13.198Tumor lysis syndrome
- 13.199Cell biology of bone
- 13.200Overuse injuries of the elbow
- 13.201Clavicle fractures
- 13.202Wrist and hand injuries
- 13.203Psoas abscess
- 13.204Neuroblastoma
- 13.205Common knee conditions
- 13.206Common musculoskeletal conditions
- 13.207Childhood musculoskeletal conditions
- 13.208Common pediatric fractures
- 13.209Achondroplasia
- 13.210Osteoporosis
- 13.211Osteopetrosis
- 13.212Osteomalacia/rickets
- 13.213Osteitis deformans
- 13.214Avascular necrosis of bone
- 13.215Lab values in bone disorders
- 13.216Primary bone tumors
- 13.217Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis
- 13.218Gout
- 13.219Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
- 13.220Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- 13.221Sjögren syndrome
- 13.222Septic arthritis
- 13.223Osteomyelitis
- 13.224Seronegative spondyloarthritis
- 13.225Systemic lupus erythematosus
- 13.226Antiphospholipid syndrome
- 13.227Polymyalgia rheumatica
- 13.228Fibromyalgia
- 13.229Polymyositis/ dermatomyositis
- 13.230Myositis ossificans
- 13.231IgG4-related disease
- 13.232Vasculitides
- 13.233Neuromuscular junction diseases
- 13.234Raynaud phenomenon
- 13.235Scleroderma
- 13.236Skin layers
- 13.237Epithelial cell junctions
- 13.238Exocrine glands
- 13.239Dermatologic macroscopic terms
- 13.240Dermatologic microscopic terms
- 13.241Pigmented skin disorders
- 13.242Seborrheic dermatitis
- 13.243Common skin disorders
- 13.244Vascular tumors of skin
- 13.245Skin infections
- 13.246Cutaneous mycoses
- 13.247Autoimmune blistering skin disorders
- 13.248Other blistering skin disorders
- 13.249Cutaneous ulcers
- 13.250Miscellaneous skin disorders
- 13.251Estimation of body surface area
- 13.252Burn classification
- 13.253Skin cancer
- 13.254Common brain lesions
- 13.255Abnormal motor posturing
- 13.256Ischemic brain disease/stroke
- 13.257Cerebral edema
- 13.258Effects of strokes
- 13.259Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage
- 13.260Extracranial injuries
- 13.261Intracranial hemorrhage
- 13.262Thalamic pain syndrome
- 13.263Phantom limb pain
- 13.264Diffuse axonal injury
- 13.265Aphasia
- 13.266Aneurysms
- 13.267Fever vs heat stroke
- 13.268Seizures
- 13.269Headaches
- 13.270Trigeminal neuralgia
- 13.271Dyskinesias
- 13.272Restless legs syndrome
- 13.273Neurodegenerative movement disorders
- 13.274Dementia
- 13.275Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- 13.276Hydrocephalus
- 13.277Multiple sclerosis
- 13.278Other demyelinating and dysmyelinating disorders
- 13.279Neurocutaneous disorders
- 13.280Adult primary brain tumors
- 13.281Childhood primary brain tumors
- 13.282Herniation syndromes
- 13.283Motor neuron signs
- 13.284Spinal cord lesions
- 13.285Brown-Séquard syndrome
- 13.286Friedreich ataxia
- 13.287Cerebral palsy
- 13.288Common cranial nerve lesions
- 13.289Facial nerve lesions
- 13.290Auditory anatomy and physiology
- 13.291Otitis externa
- 13.292Otitis media
- 13.293Common causes of hearing loss
- 13.294Diagnosing hearing loss
- 13.295Cholesteatoma
- 13.296Vertigo
- 13.297Normal eye anatomy
- 13.298Conjunctivitis
- 13.299Refractive errors
- 13.300Lens disorders
- 13.301Aqueous humor pathway
- 13.302Glaucoma
- 13.303Retinal disorders
- 13.304Papilledema
- 13.305Leukocoria
- 13.306Uveitis
- 13.307Pupillary control
- 13.308Relative afferent pupillary defect
- 13.309Horner syndrome
- 13.310Ocular motility
- 13.311Strabismus
- 13.312Cranial nerve III, IV, VI palsies
- 13.313Visual field defects
- 13.314Cavernous sinus
- 13.315Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
- 13.316Eyelid disorders
- 13.317Casts in urine
- 13.318Nomenclature of glomerular disorders
- 13.319Glomerular diseases
- 13.320Nephritic syndrome
- 13.321Nephritic syndrome
- 13.322Nephrotic syndrome
- 13.323Kidney stones
- 13.324Hydronephrosis
- 13.325Urinary incontinence
- 13.326Acute cystitis
- 13.327Pyelonephritis
- 13.328Acute kidney injury
- 13.329Acute interstitial nephritis
- 13.330Acute tubular necrosis
- 13.331Diffuse cortical necrosis
- 13.332Renal papillary necrosis
- 13.333Consequences of renal failure
- 13.334Renal osteodystrophy
- 13.335Renal cyst disorders
- 13.336Renovascular disease
- 13.337Renal cell carcinoma
- 13.338Renal oncocytoma
- 13.339Nephroblastoma
- 13.340Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
- 13.341Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
- IN14 Pediatrics124
- 14.1Severe Acute Malnutrition
- 14.2Moderate Acute Malnutrition
- 14.3Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Practices
- 14.4Vaccine and Vaccination Schedule-Part-1 and 2
- 14.5Fluid therapy with severe dehydration
- 14.6Low osmolarity ORS
- 14.7Oral Rehydration Therapy
- 14.8Newborn Screening
- 14.9Routine Management of the Newborn
- 14.10Normal Vital Signs in a Newborn
- 14.11Apgar Score: Newborn Assessment
- 14.12Eye Care
- 14.13Retinoblastoma
- 14.14Common Teratogens and Their Effect on the Neonate
- 14.15Vitamin K–Deficient Bleeding (VKDB)
- 14.16Screening Tests
- 14.17Most Commonly Tested Disorders in Newborns
- 14.18Hepatitis B Vaccination
- 14.19Transient Conditions of the Newborn
- 14.20Transient Polycythemia of the Newborn
- 14.21Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
- 14.22Transient Hyperbilirubinemia
- 14.23Growth and Weight Issues
- 14.24Vaccinations
- 14.25Delivery-Associated Conditions in the Newborn
- 14.26Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
- 14.27Skull Fractures
- 14.28Scalp Injuries
- 14.29Brachial Palsy
- 14.30Clavicular Fracture
- 14.31Facial Nerve Palsy
- 14.32Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities and Associated Manifestations
- 14.33Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
- 14.34Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
- 14.35Abnormal Abdominal Findings
- 14.36Diaphragmatic Hernia
- 14.37Omphalocele
- 14.38Umbilical Hernia
- 14.39Gastroschisis
- 14.40Wilms Tumor
- 14.41Neuroblastoma
- 14.42Abnormal Genitourinary Findings
- 14.43Hydrocele
- 14.44Varicocele
- 14.45Cryptorchidism
- 14.46Hypospadias
- 14.47Epispadias
- 14.48Developmental Achievements: Reflexes
- 14.49Cyanotic Lesions
- 14.50Tetralogy of Fallot
- 14.51Transposition of the Great Vessels
- 14.52Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
- 14.53Truncus Arteriosus
- 14.54Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
- 14.55Tricuspid Valve Atresia
- 14.56Summary of Cyanotic Heart Defects
- 14.57Acyanotic Lesions
- 14.58Ventricular Septal Defect
- 14.59Atrial Septal Defect
- 14.60Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- 14.61Coarctation of the Aorta
- 14.62Long QT Syndrome
- 14.63Rheumatic Fever
- 14.64Ebstein Anomaly
- 14.65Vascular Ring
- 14.66Pathologic Jaundice in the Newborn
- 14.67Bilirubin-Induced Neurologic Dysfunction (BIND)
- 14.68Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy
- 14.69Kernicterus
- 14.70Gilbert Syndrome
- 14.71Esophageal Atresia
- 14.72Pyloric Stenosis
- 14.73Choanal Atresia
- 14.74Hirschsprung Disease
- 14.75Imperforate Anus
- 14.76Duodenal Atresia
- 14.77Volvulus
- 14.78Intussusception
- 14.79Meckel Diverticulum
- 14.80Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis
- 14.81Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDMs)
- 14.82Findings in IDM
- 14.83Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
- 14.84Congenital hip dysplasia
- 14.85Legg-Calvé- Perthes disease (avascular necrosis of femoral head)
- 14.86Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- 14.87Rickets
- 14.88Lead Poisoning
- 14.89Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)
- 14.90Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
- 14.91Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- 14.92Marfan Syndrome
- 14.93Kawasaki Disease
- 14.94Neonatal Sepsis
- 14.95TORCH Infections
- 14.96Viral Childhood Illnesses
- 14.97Varicella
- 14.98Rubeola or measles
- 14.99Fifth disease or erythema infectiosum
- 14.100Roseola
- 14.101Mumps
- 14.102Scarlet Fever
- 14.103Malignant Otitis Externa
- 14.104Retropharyngeal Abscess
- 14.105Croup
- 14.106Foreign Body Aspiration
- 14.107Epiglottitis
- 14.108Whooping Cough
- 14.109Upper and Lower Airway Diseases
- 14.110Bronchitis
- 14.111Pharyngitis
- 14.112Diphtheria
- 14.113Seizures
- 14.114Pediatric Seizure Disorders
- 14.115Absence seizures
- 14.116Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)
- 14.117Simple febrile seizure
- 14.118West syndrome (infantile spasms)
- 14.119Partial seizure
- 14.120Generalized seizure
- 14.121Vitamin Deficiencies
- 14.122Glycogen storage disorder
- 14.123Child Abuse
- 14.124Lysosomal storage disorder
- IN15 Pharmacology234
- 15.1Enzyme kinetics
- 15.2Pharmacokinetics
- 15.3Dosage calculations
- 15.4Drug metabolism
- 15.5Elimination of drugs
- 15.6Urine pH and drug elimination
- 15.7Efficacy vs potency
- 15.8Receptor binding
- 15.9Therapeutic index
- 15.10Drug effect modifications
- 15.11Autonomic receptors
- 15.12Acetylcholine receptors
- 15.13Pain transmission
- 15.14Micturition control
- 15.15Tissue distribution of adrenergic receptors
- 15.16G-protein–linked second messengers
- 15.17Autonomic drugs
- 15.18Cholinomimetic agents
- 15.19Anticholinesterase poisoning
- 15.20Muscarinic antagonists
- 15.21Atropine
- 15.22Sympathomimetics
- 15.23Physiologic effects of sympathomimetics
- 15.24Sympatholytics (ɑ2-agonists)
- 15.25ɑ-blockers
- 15.26ß-blockers
- 15.27Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
- 15.28Ingested seafood toxins
- 15.29Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics
- 15.30Specific toxicity treatments
- 15.31Drug reactions—cardiovascular
- 15.32Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive
- 15.33Drug reactions—gastrointestinal
- 15.34Drug reactions—hematologic
- 15.35Drug reactions—musculoskeletal/skin/connective tissue
- 15.36Drug reactions—neurologic
- 15.37Drug reactions—renal/genitourinary
- 15.38Drug reactions—respiratory
- 15.39Drug reactions—multiorgan
- 15.40Drugs affecting pupil size
- 15.41Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected)
- 15.42Sulfa drugs
- 15.43Biologic agents
- 15.44Drug nomenclature
- 15.45Immunosuppressants
- 15.46Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses
- 15.47Antimicrobial therapy
- 15.48Penicillin G, V
- 15.49Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins
- 15.50Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
- 15.51Piperacillin
- 15.52Cephalosporins
- 15.53ß-lactamase inhibitors
- 15.54Carbapenems
- 15.55Aztreonam
- 15.56Vancomycin
- 15.57Protein synthesis inhibitors
- 15.58Aminoglycosides
- 15.59Tetracyclines
- 15.60Tigecycline
- 15.61Chloramphenicol
- 15.62Clindamycin
- 15.63Linezolid
- 15.64Macrolides
- 15.65Polymyxins
- 15.66Sulfonamides
- 15.67Dapsone
- 15.68Trimethoprim
- 15.69Fluoroquinolones
- 15.70Daptomycin
- 15.71Metronidazole
- 15.72Antituberculous drugs
- 15.73Antimycobacterial therapy
- 15.74Antimicrobial prophylaxis
- 15.75Prophylaxis in HIV infection/AIDS
- 15.76Antifungal therapy
- 15.77Amphotericin B
- 15.78Nystatin
- 15.79Flucytosine
- 15.80Azole
- 15.81Terbinafine
- 15.82Echinocandins
- 15.83Griseofulvin
- 15.84Antiprotozoal therapy
- 15.85Anti-mite/louse therapy
- 15.86Chloroquine
- 15.87Antihelminthic therapy
- 15.88Oseltamivir, zanamivir
- 15.89Baloxavir
- 15.90Remdesivir
- 15.91Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
- 15.92Ganciclovir
- 15.93Foscarnet
- 15.94Cidofovir
- 15.95HIV therapy
- 15.96Hepatitis C therapy
- 15.97Disinfection and sterilization
- 15.98Antimicrobials to avoid in pregnancy
- 15.99Hypertension treatment
- 15.100Cardiovascular agents and molecular targets
- 15.101Nitrates
- 15.102Calcium channel blockers
- 15.103Hydralazine
- 15.104Hypertensive emergency
- 15.105Antianginal therapy
- 15.106Ranolazine
- 15.107Sacubitril
- 15.108Lipid-lowering agents
- 15.109Digoxin
- 15.110Antiarrhythmics— Sodium channel blockers (class I)
- 15.111Antiarrhythmics— ß-blockers (class II)
- 15.112Antiarrhythmics— Potassium channel blockers (class III)
- 15.113Antiarrhythmics— Calcium channel blockers (class IV)
- 15.114Other antiarrhythmics
- 15.115Ivabradine
- 15.116Diabetes mellitus therapy
- 15.117Increase insulin sensitivity
- 15.118Increase insulin secretion
- 15.119Increase glucose-induced insulin secretion
- 15.120Decrease glucose absorption
- 15.121Others: Amylin analogs
- 15.122Thionamides
- 15.123Levothyroxine, liothyronine
- 15.124Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs
- 15.125Fludrocortisone
- 15.126Cinacalcet
- 15.127Sevelamer
- 15.128Cation exchange resins
- 15.129Acid suppression therapy
- 15.130H2-blockers
- 15.131Proton pump inhibitors
- 15.132Antacids
- 15.133Bismuth, sucralfate
- 15.134Misoprostol
- 15.135Octreotide
- 15.136Sulfasalazine
- 15.137Loperamide, diphenoxylate
- 15.138Antiemetics
- 15.139Orlistat
- 15.140Anticonstipation drugs
- 15.141Heparin
- 15.142Warfarin
- 15.143Heparin vs warfarin
- 15.144Direct coagulation factor inhibitors
- 15.145Anticoagulation reversal
- 15.146Antiplatelets
- 15.147Thrombolytics
- 15.148Cancer therapy—cell cycle
- 15.149Cancer therapy—targets
- 15.150Antibody‑drug conjugates (ADCs)
- 15.151Antitumor antibiotics
- 15.152Antimetabolites
- 15.153Alkylating agents
- 15.154Platinum compounds
- 15.155Microtubule inhibitors
- 15.156Topoisomerase inhibitors
- 15.157Tamoxifen
- 15.158Anticancer monoclonal antibodies
- 15.159Anticancer small molecule inhibitors
- 15.160Chemotoxicity amelioration
- 15.161Key chemotoxicities
- 15.162Arachidonic acid pathways
- 15.163Acetaminophen
- 15.164Aspirin
- 15.165Celecoxib
- 15.166Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- 15.167Leflunomide
- 15.168Bisphosphonates
- 15.169Recombinant parathyroid hormone
- 15.170Gout drugs
- 15.171TNF-α inhibitors
- 15.172Psoriasis biologics
- 15.173Imiquimod
- 15.174Anticonvulsants
- 15.175Barbiturates
- 15.176Benzodiazepines
- 15.177Insomnia therapy
- 15.178Triptans
- 15.179Parkinson disease therapy
- 15.180Carbidopa/levodopa
- 15.181Neurodegenerative disease therapy
- 15.182Local anesthetics
- 15.183General anesthetics
- 15.184Neuromuscular blocking drugs
- 15.185Malignant hyperthermia
- 15.186Skeletal muscle relaxants
- 15.187Opioid analgesics
- 15.188Tramadol
- 15.189Butorphanol, nalbuphine
- 15.190Capsaicin
- 15.191Glaucoma therapy
- 15.192Psychotherapy
- 15.193Central nervous system stimulants
- 15.194Antipsychotics
- 15.195Lithium
- 15.196Buspirone
- 15.197Antidepressants
- 15.198Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- 15.199Serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- 15.200Tricyclic antidepressants
- 15.201Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- 15.202Atypical antidepressants
- 15.203Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation
- 15.204Medically supervised opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention
- 15.205Diuretics: site of action
- 15.206Diuretics: effects on electrolyte excretion
- 15.207Mannitol
- 15.208Acetazolamide
- 15.209Loop diuretics
- 15.210Thiazide diuretics
- 15.211Potassium-sparing diuretics
- 15.212Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors
- 15.213Angiotensin II receptor blockers
- 15.214Aliskiren
- 15.215Control of reproductive hormones
- 15.216Gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogs
- 15.217Degarelix
- 15.218Ethinyl estradiol
- 15.219Selective estrogen receptor modulators
- 15.220Aromatase inhibitors
- 15.221Progestins
- 15.222Antiprogestins
- 15.223Contraception
- 15.224Tocolytics
- 15.225Danazol
- 15.226Testosterone, methyltestosterone
- 15.227Antiandrogens
- 15.228Tamsulosin
- 15.229Minoxidil
- 15.230Asthma drugs
- 15.231H1-blockers
- 15.232Dextromethorphan
- 15.233Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
- 15.234Pulmonary hypertension drugs
- IN16 Physiology146
- 16.1Cardiac output variables
- 16.2Cardiac output equations
- 16.3Starling curves
- 16.4Resistance, pressure, flow
- 16.5Cardiac and vascular function curves
- 16.6Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle
- 16.7Jugular venous pressure tracings
- 16.8Pressure-volume loops and valvular disease
- 16.9Splitting of S2
- 16.10Auscultation of the heart
- 16.11Heart murmurs
- 16.12Myocardial action potential
- 16.13Pacemaker action potential
- 16.14Electrocardiogram
- 16.15Atrial natriuretic peptide
- 16.16B-type (brain) natriuretic peptide
- 16.17Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
- 16.18Normal resting cardiac pressures
- 16.19Autoregulation
- 16.20Capillary fluid exchange
- 16.21Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones
- 16.22Growth hormone
- 16.23Antidiuretic hormone
- 16.24Prolactin
- 16.25Thyroid hormones
- 16.26Parathyroid hormone
- 16.27Calcium homeostasis
- 16.28Calcitonin
- 16.29Glucagon
- 16.30Insulin
- 16.31Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias
- 16.32Cortisol
- 16.33Appetite regulation
- 16.34Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones
- 16.35Signaling pathways of steroid hormones Hormone
- 16.36Gastrointestinal regulatory substances
- 16.37Locations of gastrointestinal secretory cells
- 16.38Pancreatic secretions
- 16.39Carbohydrate absorption
- 16.40Vitamin and mineral absorption
- 16.41Peyer patches
- 16.42Bile
- 16.43Bilirubin
- 16.44Hemoglobin electrophoresis
- 16.45Antiglobulin test
- 16.46Platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis)
- 16.47Thrombogenesis
- 16.48Coagulation and kinin pathways
- 16.49Vitamin K–dependent coagulation
- 16.50Motor neuron action potential to muscle contraction
- 16.51Types of skeletal muscle fibers
- 16.52Skeletal muscle adaptations
- 16.53Vascular smooth muscle contraction and relaxation
- 16.54Muscle proprioceptors
- 16.55Bone formation
- 16.56Cell biology of bone
- 16.57Cells of the nervous system
- 16.58Neuron action potential Membrane
- 16.59Sensory receptors
- 16.60Peripheral nerve
- 16.61Neuronal response to axonal injury
- 16.62Neurotransmitter changes with disease
- 16.63Blood-brain barrier
- 16.64Vomiting center
- 16.65Sleep physiology
- 16.66REM sleep behavior disorder
- 16.67Factors affecting sleep architecture
- 16.68Hypothalamus
- 16.69Thalamus
- 16.70Limbic system
- 16.71Dopaminergic pathways
- 16.72Cerebellum
- 16.73Basal ganglia
- 16.74Cerebral cortex regions
- 16.75Cerebral perfusion
- 16.76Homunculus
- 16.77Cerebral arteries—cortical distribution
- 16.78Ventricular system
- 16.79Brainstem—ventral view
- 16.80Brainstem—dorsal view
- 16.81Cranial nerve nuclei
- 16.82Cranial nerves
- 16.83Cranial nerve reflexes
- 16.84Spinal cord levels and associated tracts
- 16.85Spinal tract anatomy and functions
- 16.86Clinical reflexes
- 16.87Primitive reflexes
- 16.88Fluid compartments
- 16.89Glomerular filtration barrier
- 16.90Renal clearance
- 16.91Glomerular filtration rate
- 16.92Renal blood flow autoregulation
- 16.93Effective renal plasma flow
- 16.94Filtration
- 16.95Changes in glomerular dynamics
- 16.96Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rate
- 16.97Glucose clearance
- 16.98Nephron transport physiology
- 16.99Renal tubular defects
- 16.100Features of renal disorders
- 16.101Relative concentrations along proximal tubule
- 16.102Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- 16.103Juxtaglomerular apparatus
- 16.104Kidney endocrine/paracrine functions
- 16.105Hormones acting on kidney
- 16.106Potassium shifts
- 16.107Electrolyte disturbances
- 16.108Acid-base physiology
- 16.109Acidosis and alkalosis
- 16.110Renal tubular acidosis
- 16.111Spermatogenesis
- 16.112Estrogen
- 16.113Progesterone
- 16.114Oogenesis
- 16.115Ovulation
- 16.116Menstrual cycle
- 16.117Abnormal uterine bleeding
- 16.118Pregnancy
- 16.119Physiologic changes in pregnancy
- 16.120Human chorionic gonadotropin
- 16.121Human placental lactogen
- 16.122Apgar score
- 16.123Neonatal birth weight
- 16.124Lactation
- 16.125Menopause
- 16.126Sexual maturity rating (Tanner stage) of pubertal development
- 16.127Precocious puberty
- 16.128Delayed puberty
- 16.129Lung volumes and capacities
- 16.130Work of breathing
- 16.131Determination of physiologic dead space
- 16.132Ventilation
- 16.133Lung and chest wall properties
- 16.134Pulmonary circulation
- 16.135Pulmonary vascular resistance
- 16.136Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
- 16.137Alveolar gas equation
- 16.138Carbon dioxide transport
- 16.139Hypoxia and hypoxemia
- 16.140Hemoglobin
- 16.141Oxygen content of blood
- 16.142Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
- 16.143Response to high altitude
- 16.144Response to exercise
- 16.145Methemoglobin
- 16.146Cyanide vs carbon monoxide poisoning
- IN17 Psychiatry67
- 17.1Mental Status Examination
- 17.2Basic Terminology in Psychiatry
- 17.3Mental Health Care Act 2017
- 17.4Classical conditioning
- 17.5Operant conditioning
- 17.6Transference and countertransference
- 17.7Ego defenses
- 17.8Grief
- 17.9Normal infant and child development
- 17.10Child abuse
- 17.11Vulnerable child syndrome
- 17.12Childhood and early‑onset disorders
- 17.13Orientation
- 17.14Amnesias
- 17.15Ganser Syndrome
- 17.16Dissociative disorders
- 17.17Delirium
- 17.18Psychosis
- 17.19Mood disorder
- 17.20Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- 17.21Manic episode
- 17.22Hypomanic episode
- 17.23Bipolar disorder
- 17.24Major depressive disorder
- 17.25Depression with atypical features
- 17.26Peripartum mood disturbances
- 17.27Electroconvulsive therapy
- 17.28Risk factors for suicide death
- 17.29Anxiety disorders
- 17.30Panic disorder
- 17.31Phobias
- 17.32Generalized anxiety disorder
- 17.33Obsessive‑compulsive disorders
- 17.34Trauma and stress‑related disorders
- 17.35Diagnostic criteria by symptom duration
- 17.36Personality disorders
- 17.37Malingering
- 17.38Factitious disorders
- 17.39Somatic symptom and related disorders
- 17.40Malingering vs factitious disorder vs somatic symptom disorders
- 17.41Eating disorders
- 17.42Gender dysphoria
- 17.43Sexual dysfunction
- 17.44Sleep terror disorder
- 17.45Elimination disorders
- 17.46Narcolepsy
- 17.47Substance use disorder
- 17.48Gambling disorder
- 17.49Transtheoretical model of change
- 17.50Psychiatric emergencies
- 17.51Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal: Depressants
- 17.52Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal: Stimulants
- 17.53Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens
- 17.54Alcohol use disorder
- 17.55Psychotherapy
- 17.56Central nervous system stimulants
- 17.57Antipsychotics
- 17.58Lithium
- 17.59Buspirone
- 17.60Antidepressants
- 17.61Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- 17.62Serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- 17.63Tricyclic antidepressants
- 17.64Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- 17.65Atypical antidepressants
- 17.66Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation
- 17.67Medically supervised opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention
- IN18 Radiology102
- 18.1Pneumothorax
- 18.2Tension Pneumothorax
- 18.3Pneumomediastinum
- 18.4Pneumoperitoneum
- 18.5Pneumocephalus
- 18.6Aortic Dissection
- 18.7Pulmonary Thromboembolism
- 18.8Imaging-Acute Infarct
- 18.9Stroke
- 18.10Hyperdense MCA sign
- 18.11DWI
- 18.12Head Trauma-Epidural hematoma
- 18.13Swirl sign
- 18.14Subdural hematoma
- 18.15Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 18.16Intraparenchymal and intraventricular bleed
- 18.17Abdominal Trauma-FAST
- 18.18CECT liver lacerations
- 18.19Splenic injury
- 18.20Acute Abdomen-Acute Pancreatitis
- 18.21Aortic Aneurysms and Rupture
- 18.22Pseudoaneurysms-Yin yang sign
- 18.23Small and large Intestinal obstruction and Volvulus
- 18.24Kilovolt Peak (KVP) and Milliampere-Seconds (MAS)
- 18.25Water View
- 18.26Caldwell View
- 18.27Rhese View
- 18.28Schuller View
- 18.29Stryker’s View
- 18.30Lordotic View
- 18.31Reverse Lordotic View
- 18.32Compton Effect
- 18.33Photoelectric Effect
- 18.34Bremsstrahlung Radiation
- 18.35Differences from Conventional Radiography
- 18.36Normal Hysterosalpingography
- 18.37Unicornuate Uterus
- 18.38Bicornuate Uterus
- 18.39Didelphys Uterus
- 18.40Hydrosalpinx
- 18.41Droopy Lily Sign
- 18.42Retrocaval Ureter
- 18.43Ureterocele
- 18.44Spiral CT
- 18.45HRCT (High-Resolution CT)
- 18.46MDCT (Multidetector CT)
- 18.47Dual Energy CT
- 18.48CT Anatomy Brain
- 18.49CTMediastinum
- 18.50CT Abdomen
- 18.51CT Lungs
- 18.52Agatston Scoring
- 18.53Pulmonary Thromboembolism
- 18.54Lead Apron
- 18.55TLD Badge (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter)
- 18.56MRI Sequences:
- 18.57MR Spectroscopy
- 18.58MRI Planes: Axial Images, Coronal Images, Sagittal Images of brain
- 18.59Piezoelectric Effect: General of electrical charge in certain materials under mechanical stress
- 18.60Ultrasound Phenomena: Posterior Acoustic Shadowing, Posterior Acoustic Enhancement
- 18.61FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
- 18.62EFAST (Extended FAST)
- 18.63EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasound
- 18.64Doppler Ultrasound Techniques: Color Doppler, Spectral Doppler
- 18.65Doppler Assessments: Umbilical Artery Doppler, Uterine Artery Doppler, Fetal MCA (Middle Cerebral Artery) Doppler
- 18.66Linac Stereotactic
- 18.67Radiotherapy
- 18.68IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy)
- 18.69Electron Beam
- 18.70Proton Beam: Bragg Peak
- 18.71Brachytherapy Permanent and Temporary Implants
- 18.72Pura Beta Emitters
- 18.73Systemic Radiotherapy I-131 Strontium-89 P-32
- 18.74Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
- 18.75Radiosensitivity of Tissues and Tumors
- 18.76Different Iodine Isotopes I-131 I-125 I-124 I-123
- 18.77Half-Lives of Important Radioisotopes F-18 Tc-99m Iodine Isotopes P-32 Co-60 Cs-137
- 18.78Thyroid Imaging: Thyroid Scintigraphy, Lingual Thyroid
- 18.79Renal Scans: DMSA, DTPA, MAG-3 Scan
- 18.80Cardiac Imaging: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Myocardial Infarct Imaging
- 18.81Bone Imaging
- 18.82Sulfur Colloid Scan
- 18.83Tc-99m Sestamibi Scan
- 18.84Octreotide/Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy
- 18.85PET Imaging
- 18.86HMPAO-SPECT
- 18.87Craniospinal Irradiation
- 18.88Imaging of Meningioma
- 18.89Tumor Comparisons: Medulloblastoma vs. Ependymoma, Arachnoid Cyst vs. Epidermoid Cyst, Craniopharyngioma vs. Pituitary Adenoma
- 18.90Important Named Signs: Mount Fuji Sign, Racing Car Sign, PAND Sign, Hummingbird Sign
- 18.91CNS Conditions: TB Meningitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
- 18.92Imaging of Stroke: Hyperdense MCA Sign, Penumbra, CT Perfusion Imaging
- 18.93Intracranial Bleeds: Extradural Bleed, Subdural Bleed, Subarachnoid Bleed, Intraventricular Bleed, Intraparenchymal Bleed
- 18.94X-ray Views: Posteroanterior vs. Anteroposterior
- 18.95View Medical Conditions: Collapse, Consolidation, Pleural Effusion, Pneumothorax
- 18.96Important Signs: Golden S Sign, Luftsichel Sign, Silhouette Sign
- 18.97Specific Conditions: X-ray of Pulmonary Edema, Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Thromboembolism
- 18.98CT Imaging: Bronchiectasis, Interstitial Lung Disease,
- 18.99Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
- 18.100Fungal and Parasitic Infections: Aspergillosis, Hydatid Disease of the Lung, Lung Abscesses, Fungus Ball, Hydropneumothorax
- 18.101Other Findings: Lucent Hemithorax
- 18.102Foreign Body
- IN19 Surgery166
- 19.1Basic principal in surgery
- 19.2Classify wounds & process of wound healing
- 19.3Wound Healing
- 19.4Gangrene
- 19.5Diabetic foot
- 19.6Hemorrhagic shock
- 19.7Delayed primary sutures
- 19.8Secondary hemorrhage
- 19.9Neurological changes in Diabetic foot
- 19.10Complications of blood transfusion
- 19.11Enteral Nutrition
- 19.12Day care surgery
- 19.13Decubitus ulcers/Bedsores
- 19.14Invetigation and diagnosis
- 19.15PET-CT
- 19.16Mammography
- 19.17MRCP- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
- 19.18ERCP- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
- 19.19CT- Scan
- 19.20FAST
- 19.21MRI
- 19.22Causes of Intraabdominal R.O. shadows
- 19.23Isotopic renography
- 19.24Ultrasound
- 19.25Endoscopic USG
- 19.26Colonoscopy
- 19.27X Ray abdomen
- 19.28Peri-operative care
- 19.29Spinal anaesthesia complications
- 19.30Regional block anaesthesia
- 19.31Loco-regional anaesthesia
- 19.32Endotracheal intubation indications
- 19.33Caudal block
- 19.34General anaesthesia
- 19.35Preparation of the patients for anaesthesia
- 19.36Advantages and complications of epidural anesthesia
- 19.37Taruma
- 19.38Extradural Hematoma
- 19.39Glasgow coma scale and its significance
- 19.40ATLS-Advanced trauma life support
- 19.41Autoimmune response of the body to trauma
- 19.42Management of acutely injured patient
- 19.43Define Triage and management of mass causalities
- 19.44Management of Roadside wound
- 19.45Orthopedics
- 19.46Skin and Subcutaneus tissues
- 19.47Carbuncle
- 19.48Collar stud abscess
- 19.49Burn classification
- 19.50Fluid management in burn patient
- 19.51Inhalations Burns and its management
- 19.52Premalignant lesions of skin
- 19.53Basal cell carcinoma
- 19.54Malignant Melanoma, clasification and managment
- 19.55SCC of skin
- 19.56Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands
- 19.57Epulis
- 19.58Thyroglossal cyst and its treatment
- 19.59Ranula
- 19.60Classify Jaw tumours
- 19.61Dentigerous cyst
- 19.62Cystic hygroma
- 19.63Thyroglossal fistula
- 19.64Tongue tie
- 19.65Causes of carcinoma tongue and investigations
- 19.66Applied Anatomy of Parotid Gland
- 19.67Causes of Lock Jaw
- 19.68Apical abscess
- 19.69Breast cancer Classification, Clinical features, investigations, and treatment
- 19.70Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- 19.71Triple assessment Fibro adenoma
- 19.72Discrete thyroid swellings
- 19.73Thyroid hormone synthesis and control
- 19.74Lymphatic drainage of breast causes and management
- 19.75Hyperparathyroidism
- 19.76Pathology of Thyroid neoplasm and management of differentiated carcinoma thyroid
- 19.77DD of the breast lump and investigation
- 19.78Breast abscesses
- 19.79Paget’s disease of the breast
- 19.80Pheochromocytoma
- 19.81Surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland
- 19.82Primary thyrotoxicosis
- 19.83Management of multi nodular goitre
- 19.84Phyllodes tumour
- 19.85Spontaneous pneumothorax
- 19.86Tension pneumothorax
- 19.87Haemo-pneumothorax
- 19.88Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- 19.89Blunt trauma of the chest and its management
- 19.90Tube Thoracostomy
- 19.91Stone in chest
- 19.92Paradoxical respiration and its management
- 19.93Invasive investigation of coronary artery disease and indication of bypass surgery
- 19.94Coronary artery bypass surgery
- 19.95Deep vein thrombosis
- 19.96Varicose Veins
- 19.97Fat embolism
- 19.98PVD Causes Management of Burger’s disease
- 19.99Clinical features, complications and management of Gall stones
- 19.100Surgical anatomy and physiology of the Esophagus
- 19.101Volvulus neonatorum (Pediatric surgery)
- 19.102Etiopathogenesis, C/F, and management of carcinoma caecum
- 19.103A-dynamic intestinal obstruction
- 19.104Clinical features, investigation, treatment & differential diagnosis of Carcinoma rectum
- 19.105Enumerate Premalignant conditions of the colon and CA rectum
- 19.106Complications of splenectomy
- 19.107Clinical features and management of Amoebic liver abscess
- 19.108Pathophysiology and management of Acute pancreatitis
- 19.109Clinical features, investigations, and management of carcinoma oesophagus
- 19.110Anal fissure
- 19.111Direct inguinal hernia
- 19.112Complications of Appendectomy
- 19.113Preparation of case of jaundice in surgery
- 19.114Fistula-in-ano and its operations
- 19.115Inguinal lymphadenopathy
- 19.116Various operations for peptic ulcer diseases
- 19.117Management of penetrating injuries of the abdomen Megacolon
- 19.118Pyloric stenosis in infants
- 19.119Pathology of strangulation of bowel
- 19.120Classify acute intestinal obstruction and Management of congenital megacolon.
- 19.121Pseudocyst of pancreas & spleen and their management
- 19.122Desmoid Tumor
- 19.123Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- 19.124C/F, diagnosis of Pyloric stenosis in infants
- 19.125Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
- 19.126Management of acute appendicitis
- 19.127Types and complications of Ileostomy
- 19.128Complications of Chronic duodenal ulcer
- 19.129Life cycle of Hydatid cyst
- 19.130Meckel’s diverticulum
- 19.131Complication of cyst
- 19.132Electrolyte imbalance in pyloric stenosis
- 19.133Strangulated inguinal hernia
- 19.134Intussusception
- 19.135Peptic ulcers
- 19.136Head of the pancreas Classify causes of surgical jaundice.
- 19.137Causes of bleeding per rectum and its investigations
- 19.138Management of appendicular lump
- 19.139Causes of Gastric outlet obstruction
- 19.140Hypokalemic, hypochloraemic alkalosis and its management
- 19.141Bilioma
- 19.142Ulcerative colitis Indication of surgery
- 19.143Urinary Incontinence
- 19.144Ureteric stones
- 19.145Treatment modalities of Calculus in the lower one-third of the ureter
- 19.146Torsion testis
- 19.147Wilm’s tumour
- 19.148Carcinoma urinary bladder
- 19.149Classification and staging of testicular tumours
- 19.150Causes and management of hematuria
- 19.151Causes of Unilateral hydronephrosis
- 19.152Complications of undescended testis
- 19.153Hypospadias
- 19.154Carcinoma penis
- 19.155Testicular swelling and tumour marker of testicular tumours
- 19.156Classify kidney tumours
- 19.157Varicocele
- 19.158Indication of surgery and complications of BHP
- 19.159Phimosis
- 19.160Hydrocele
- 19.161Hypernephroma
- 19.162Seminoma testis
- 19.163Indications of Liver Transplantation
- 19.164Hyperkalemia
- 19.165Chemical sterilization
- 19.166Sterilization