Pterygium
Ophthalmology: Ocular Surface Degenerative Condition
1. Definition & Etiology
A pterygium is a wedge-shaped, fibrovascular growth of the conjunctiva that encroaches onto the cornea. It is strongly associated with chronic ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, making it more common in populations living in sunny, equatorial climates.
2. Clinical Features & Progression
| Feature | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
| Stockers Line | An iron deposit line is found within the corneal epithelium anterior to the advancing head of the pterygium. |
| Visual Impact | Induces astigmatism through corneal flattening or physically obscures the visual axis. |
| Progression | Usually nasal to temporal; can become inflamed and symptomatic. |
3. Management & High-Yield Pearls
- Conservative: Lubricants and UV-blocking sunglasses to reduce progression and irritation.
- Surgical: Indicated for visual impairment, progressive growth toward the visual axis, or severe chronic irritation. Excision is best performed with a conjunctival autograft to minimize high recurrence rates.
- Differentiation: Distinguish from a pinguecula (a yellow, elevated nodule that does not invade the cornea).
- Educational Resource: For detailed surgical excision techniques, recurrence prevention protocols, and clinical practice questions, visit mymedschool.org.