Pediatric Orthopedics: NEET PG High-Yield
| Condition | Key High-Yield Clinical Pearl |
|---|---|
| DDH | Ortolani (reduces) and Barlow (dislocates) tests. Ultrasound is the gold standard for < 6 months. |
| Perthes Disease | Idiopathic AVN of the femoral head. Age 4–8 years. “Crescent sign” on X-ray. |
| SCFE | Obese adolescent, hip/knee pain, “ice cream falling off cone” (Klein’s line). |
| Osgood-Schlatter | Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle. Common in active adolescents. |
| Clubfoot (CTEV)The | Ponseti method (serial casting) is the gold standard. Features: CAVE (Cavus, Adductus, Varus, Equinus). |
Exam Essentials
- DDH Risk Factors: Breech presentation, female gender, family history.
- Perthes Management: The aim is containment. If severe/late onset, abduction brace or surgery.
- SCFE: It is an orthopedic emergency that requires surgical fixation (pinning) to prevent progression.
- Salter-Harris Classification: Used for physeal fractures. Remember the mnemonic “SALTR” (1: Slipped, 2: Above, 3: Lower, 4: Through, 5: Rammed). Type 2 is most common.
- Osteomyelitis in Children: Staph aureus is the most common pathogen. MRI is the most sensitive early imaging modality.