NEET PG High-Yield: Milk Hygiene
Milk is an excellent medium for bacterial growth. Hygiene focuses on preventing contamination and effective pasteurization.
Pasteurization Methods
| Method | Temperature/Time | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Holder Method (LTLT) | 63°C for 30 min | Low Temperature Long Time |
| Flash Method (HTST) | 72°C for 15 sec | High Temperature Short Time |
| UHT | 135-150°C for 2-5 sec | Ultra High Temperature (Sterilization) |
High-Yield NEET PG Pearls:
- Target Organism: Pasteurization is designed to kill Coxiella burnetii (the most heat-resistant non-spore-forming pathogen in milk).
- Milk-borne Diseases: Tuberculosis (bovine), Brucellosis, Q fever, Typhoid, Streptococcal sore throat.
- Phosphatase Test: The standard test to ensure effective pasteurization (alkaline phosphatase is destroyed at pasteurization temperatures).
- Adulteration: Common tests for water (lactometer), starch (iodine test), and urea.