NEET PG High-Yield: Meningococcal Meningitis
An acute, life-threatening infection of the meninges caused by Neisseria meningitidis requires rapid diagnosis and public health intervention.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Causative Agent | Neisseria meningitidis (Gram-negative diplococcus). |
| Reservoir | Nasopharynx of humans (carriers). |
| Transmission | Droplet infection/close contact with respiratory secretions. |
| Incubation Period | 2–10 days (average 3–4 days). |
High-Yield NEET PG Pearls:
- Clinical Triad: Fever, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), and altered mental status.
- Hallmark Sign: Petechial/purpuric rash (due to meningococcemia/DIC).
- Diagnosis: CSF analysis (Gram stain showing intracellular diplococci) and culture.
- Chemoprophylaxis: Rifampicin or Ciprofloxacin is indicated for close contacts.
- Vaccines: Meningococcal polysaccharide or conjugate vaccines (based on serogroups A, C, W, Y).