Human Development Index (HDI)

The HDI is a composite index used by the United Nations to assess countries’ progress in three fundamental dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

The Three Dimensions & Indicators

Dimension Indicator
Health Life expectancy at birth.
Education Mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling.
Standard of Living Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (PPP $).


High-Yield Notes:

  • Range: The HDI score ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating higher human development.
  • Comparison: Unlike the PQLI, the HDI incorporates income, providing a more holistic view of development that acknowledges both social and economic factors.
  • Limitations: It does not directly reflect inequality, poverty, gender disparity, or human security (which are addressed by supplementary indices like the Inequality-adjusted HDI or Gender Development Index).