Forensic Odontology: Gustafson’s Method
Estimating Adult Age via Dental Histology
Proposed by Gosta Gustafson in 1950, this method is a classic technique used to estimate the age of an adult individual by examining regressive changes in teeth.
1. The Six Regressive Changes
Gustafson assigned points (0 to 3) to six specific histological changes in a single tooth section (usually a ground section):
| Change | Description |
|---|---|
| A – Attrition | Wear of enamel/dentin on the occlusal/incisal surface. |
| P – Periodontosis | Loss of periodontal attachment (gingival recession). |
| S – Secondary Dentin | Reduction of pulp chamber size due to dentin deposition. |
| C – Cementum Apposition | Increased thickness of cementum, especially at the apex. |
| R – Root Resorption | Clastic activity on the root surface. |
| T – Transparency | Translucency of root dentin (starts at the apex). |
2. NEET PG High-Yield Pearls
- The Calculation: The sum of points (0–18) is plotted against a regression formula to estimate age.
- Most Reliable Indicator: Root dentin transparency (T) is considered the most reliable and consistent marker in adult age estimation.
- Limitations: The method is less accurate in younger individuals and those with severe periodontal disease or dietary habits that cause excessive attrition (e.g., betel nut chewing).
- Modern Evolution: While Gustafson’s method is the foundation, contemporary forensic odontology often uses more refined indices like Lamendin’s method (which focuses heavily on translucency and periodontosis).