Epithelial Ovarian Tumors
The most frequent group of ovarian neoplasms, derived from the surface (coelomic) epithelium. They are typically seen in older women.
1. Major Histologic Types
| Tumor Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Serous | Most common. Often bilateral. Contains psammoma bodies. |
| Mucinous | Large, multiloculated cysts filled with gelatinous fluid. |
| Endometrioid | Tubular glands resembling endometrium. High association with endometriosis and concurrent endometrial carcinoma. |
| Brenner | Solid, pale, firm tumor. “Bladder-like” transitional epithelium. |
2. Clinical & Pathologic Pearls
- Screening: No effective screening exists for the general population. CA-125 is useful for monitoring therapy or recurrence, not screening.
- Risk Reduction: Suppressing ovulation (e.g., OCPs, multiparity, breastfeeding) decreases risk.
- Presentation: Often silent until late stage; patients present with abdominal distension, bowel obstruction, or urinary symptoms.
Pathology Board Hint: For test questions, remember: Psammoma bodies are strongly associated with serous ovarian carcinoma. If a vignette mentions a solid, firm mass, think Brenner tumor. Always check for synchronous endometrial carcinoma if an endometrioid ovarian tumor is described.