DPT Vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)
The DPT vaccine is a foundational immunization protecting against three serious bacterial diseases. It is a key component of both the primary series and booster schedules.
1. Vaccine Composition & Types
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Whole-cell (wP) | Contains inactivated Bordetella pertussis; associated with higher reactogenicity but strong immunity. |
| Acellular (aP) | Contains purified pertussis antigens; lower reactogenicity, generally used for boosters in older children/adults. |
2. Schedule and Administration
- Primary Series: Typically given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks as part of the Pentavalent vaccine in the Universal Immunization Programme.
- Boosters: Provided at 16–24 months (DPT-B1) and 5–6 years (DPT-B2).
- Route/Site: Intramuscular injection, typically in the anterolateral aspect of the mid-thigh.
3. Contraindications & Precautions
- Absolute: Anaphylaxis to a previous dose or a component of the vaccine.
- Pertussis Component Precautions: Progressive neurological disorders (e.g., uncontrolled epilepsy, evolving encephalopathy). In such cases, the DT (Diphtheria-Tetanus) vaccine is used instead.
NEET PG Hint: Remember that fever and minor local reactions are common after the wP-containing DPT vaccine due to the whole-cell pertussis component. Always use the DT vaccine if a child develops encephalopathy within 7 days of a previous DPT dose.