Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Croup is a common pediatric respiratory illness characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, most frequently caused by the Parainfluenza virus.
1. Clinical Features
- Classic Triad: Inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, and a “barking” cough.
- Onset: Typically nocturnal; often follows a mild prodrome of upper respiratory tract infection.
2. Diagnosis & Severity
| Imaging | Finding |
|---|---|
| X-ray (Lateral Neck) | “Steeple sign” (subglottic narrowing). |
3. Management
- Mild: Single dose of oral Dexamethasone.
- Moderate/Severe: Nebulized Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and systemic corticosteroids.
- Goal: Reduce airway edema to prevent respiratory failure.
NEET PG Hint: Remember that the “Steeple sign” on X-ray is classic for the subglottic narrowing of Croup, whereas the “Thumb sign” is classic for Epiglottitis. Always distinguish these: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency with high fever and drooling, whereas Croup is generally milder and viral in etiology.