NEET PG High-Yield: Contraception
1. Classification
- Barrier: Male/Female condoms, diaphragms.
- Intrauterine: Cu-T, LNG-IUS.
- Hormonal: OCPs, injectables (DMPA), implants.
- Permanent: Tubectomy, Vasectomy.
- Natural: Calendar method, Basal body temp, LAM.
2. Barrier Methods
- Condoms: The only method that provides dual protection (prevents pregnancy + STIs/HIV).
- Diaphragms: Must be used with a spermicide for efficacy; require fitting by a trained provider.
3. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
| Type | Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Cu-T 380A | Copper ions cause spermicidal effect; alters endometrial environment. |
| LNG-IUS | Thickens cervical mucus; atrophies endometrium. |
4. Hormonal Pills (OCPs)
- Mechanism: Primary action is the inhibition of ovulation by suppressing FSH and LH.
- Contraindications: H/o DVT/PE, migraine with aura, uncontrolled hypertension, smoking (>35 yrs).
High-Yield NEET PG Pearls:
- Pearl Index: Lower index = Higher efficacy (Implants > IUDs > OCPs > Barrier).
- Cu-T Emergency Use: Most effective form of emergency contraception (up to 5 days).
- OCP Benefits: Reduces risk of Ovarian and Endometrial cancer.
- LAM Criteria: < 6 months post-partum, exclusive breastfeeding, no menses.