Complications of Pneumonia
Recognizing the complications of pneumonia early is vital for preventing mortality, especially in the pediatric population.
1. Local vs. Systemic Complications
| Type | Complication |
|---|---|
| Pleural | Parapneumonic effusion, Empyema (pus in pleural space). |
| Pulmonary | Lung abscess, Pneumatocele (common with Staph aureus). |
| Systemic | Bacteremia, Sepsis, Meningitis, Pericarditis. |
2. Warning Signs for Complications
- Persistent Fever: Failure to respond to appropriate antibiotic therapy after 48–72 hours.
- Respiratory Distress: Worsening tachypnea, increased work of breathing, or hypoxia.
- Pleural Signs: Development of chest pain or localized dullness to percussion (suggestive of effusion).
NEET PG Hint: Always associate Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with the rapid development of pneumatoceles and empyema. If a child has pneumonia and fails to improve, consider a pleural effusion and confirm with a lateral decubitus chest X-ray or ultrasound.