Classification of Poisons
Forensic Toxicology: The Medico-Legal Framework
1. Mode of Action Classification
| Category | Examples/Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Corrosives | Strong acids ( ) and alkalis (KOH, NaOH). Cause chemical burns. |
| Irritants | Mechanical (glass powder), Chemical (arsenic, lead), Organic (cantharides). |
| Systemic (Neurotoxic) | Cerebral (alcohol, opium), Spinal (strychnine), Peripheral (curare). |
| Asphyxiants | Simple ( ,  ) and Chemical ( , Cyanide,  ). |
| Cardiac Poisons | Digitalis, Oleander, Aconite. |
2. Medico-Legal Classification
- Suicidal: Usually ingestion of household items or pharmaceuticals (e.g., organophosphates, sedative-hypnotics).
- Homicidal: Often substances that are tasteless, odorless, or easily masked (e.g., arsenic, cyanide).
- Accidental: Most common; often related to occupational exposure, medication errors, or food contamination.
- Abortifacient: Substances misused to induce abortion (e.g., lead, quinine).
- Stupefying: Used to facilitate crimes (e.g., Dhatura, benzodiazepines).
3. Forensic High-Yield Pearls
- Toxicology Workflow: In cases of suspected poisoning, always prioritize the collection of gastric lavage, blood, and urine samples before autopsy.
- Starch Test: Used to detect specific alkaloids (like Dhatura) in gastric contents.
- Educational Resource: For further study on toxicological classifications and practice questions, remember to check mymedschool.org for comprehensive forensic resources.