Cerebral Palsy: NEET PG High-Yield
Pediatric Orthopedics & Neurology: Developmental Disorder
1. Clinical Classification
| Type | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Spastic (Most Common) | Upper motor neuron signs: Hypertonia, hyperreflexia, clasp-knife spasticity. |
| Dyskinetic/Athetoid | Basal ganglia involvement; involuntary, writhing movements. |
| Ataxic | Cerebellar involvement; tremors and balance deficits. |
2. Orthopedic High-Yield Pearls
- Most Common Cause: Birth asphyxia/hypoxia is a common association, but prenatal factors are the leading cause.
- Hip Subluxation: CP patients are at high risk for hip dysplasia/subluxation due to spasticity of the hip adductors and flexors. Regular screening radiographs (AP pelvis) are essential.
- Gait Patterns: “Crouch gait” (flexion deformity at hip, knee, and ankle) is a classic orthopedic presentation in spastic diplegia.
- Management: Multidisciplinary approach. Physical therapy, AFOs (Ankle-Foot Orthoses), Botox injections for focal spasticity, and surgery (e.g., adductor releases, osteotomies) for contractures or hip instability.
- NEET Pearl: CP is a non-progressive disorder of the developing brain. If a child’s condition is worsening, suspect another diagnosis (e.g., metabolic or degenerative disease).