Cephalic index

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Forensic Anthropology: Cephalic Index

Determining Cranial Shape for Identification

The Cephalic Index (CI) is a critical anthropometric tool used to classify the shape of the human skull/head. It is widely used in forensic science and physical anthropology for identification and population studies.

1. The Formula

\text{Cephalic Index} = \left( \frac{\text{Maximum Head Breadth}}{\text{Maximum Head Length}} \right) \times 100

2. Classification of Cranial Shape

Classification Range
Dolichocephalic (Long head) Less than 75.0
Mesocephalic (Medium head) 75.0 – 79.9
Brachycephalic (Round head) 80.0 – 84.9
Hyperbrachycephalic (Very round) 85.0 or more

3. NEET PG High-Yield Pearls

  • Cranial vs. Cephalic Index: Cranial index is measured on a dry skull; Cephalic index is measured on the living head (accounting for scalp and soft tissue).
  • Forensic Utility: Helpful in establishing racial or ethnic profiles during the identification of unknown skeletal remains.
  • Measurement Points:
    • Length: Glabella to Inion.
    • Breadth: Biparietal diameter (widest point).
  • Index Variation: The index can be influenced by cultural practices (e.g., artificial cranial deformation, though rare today).