The Celiac Trunk
The celiac trunk (or celiac axis) is the first major anterior branch of the abdominal aorta, arising at the T12 vertebral level. It provides the primary blood supply to the foregut (esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and proximal duodenum).
The Three Major Branches
| Branch | Key Supply |
|---|---|
| Left Gastric Artery | Stomach (lesser curvature) and distal esophagus. |
| Splenic Artery | Spleen, pancreas (body/tail), and greater curvature of the stomach (via left gastro-omental artery). |
| Common Hepatic Artery | Liver, gallbladder, stomach (lesser curvature), and duodenum. |
Clinical Significance
- Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS): Compression of the celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm, often leading to postprandial abdominal pain.
- Anastomoses: The foregut and midgut have extensive collateral circulation, specifically where the celiac trunk supply meets the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supply in the duodenum and pancreas.
High-Yield Exam Pearl:
The left gastric artery is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk. A chronic ulcer in the base of the stomach can erode into this artery, leading to significant upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.