Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD)
Cannabis Use Disorder is characterized by the problematic use of cannabis leading to significant impairment or distress, often involving tolerance and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
Key Clinical Features
- Intoxication: Euphoria, impaired motor coordination, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, conjunctival injection, dry mouth, and tachycardia.
- Withdrawal: Typically occurs within 1 week of cessation. Features include irritability, anger, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, restlessness, and physical symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain, tremors, sweating).
- Long-term Impact: Chronic use is associated with amotivational syndrome, cognitive impairment, and an increased risk of precipitating or exacerbating underlying psychotic disorders in vulnerable individuals.
| Management Strategy | Notes |
|---|---|
| Psychosocial | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) are first-line treatments. |
| Pharmacological | No FDA-approved medications exist specifically for CUD. Treatment is often symptomatic (e.g., sleep aids, anti-anxiety). |
High-Yield Clinical Notes:
- Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS): Chronic, heavy cannabis use associated with cyclic episodes of severe nausea and vomiting; patients often find temporary relief with hot showers.
- Psychiatric Association: Cannabis use can trigger acute psychotic episodes. Caution is essential in patients with a family or personal history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
- Adolescent Vulnerability: Early-onset use is strongly correlated with structural brain changes and long-term neurocognitive deficits.