Basic Terminology in Psychiatry

Mastering these foundational terms is essential for performing accurate mental status examinations and communicating effectively in a clinical setting.


Term Clinical Definition
Affect The patient’s observable expression of emotion (e.g., flat, blunted, labile).
Mood The patient’s subjective, sustained emotional state (e.g., depressed, euphoric, irritable).
Delusion A fixed, false belief that is not consistent with the patient’s cultural or educational background.
Hallucination A sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus (e.g., auditory, visual).
Insight The patient’s awareness and understanding of their illness and the need for treatment.
Judgment The ability to make sound decisions and understand the consequences of actions in social situations.
Flight of Ideas Rapid, continuous speech with frequent shifts of topic based on understandable associations or distractions.


Clinical Pearl:
Always remember the distinction between Mood (how they say they feel, internal/sustained) and Affect (how they appear to you, external/transient). Misinterpreting these can lead to errors in diagnostic assessment.

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