Genu Varum (Bow Legs)
Pediatric Orthopedics: NEET PG High-Yield
1. Physiological vs. Pathological
It is crucial to distinguish between normal development and underlying pathology.
| Feature | Physiological (Normal) | Pathological |
|---|---|---|
| Symmetry | Bilateral | Often unilateral or severe |
| Onset | Birth to 2 years | Progressive after age 2 |
2. NEET PG High-Yield Pearls
- Blount’s Disease (Tibia Vara): The most important pathological cause to rule out. It is a growth disorder of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial physis.
- Rickets: Always suspect metabolic causes like Vitamin D-deficient Rickets if genu varum is progressive or bilateral/severe in a child >2 years old.
- Radiographic Sign: In Blount’s disease, the proximal tibial metaphysis shows characteristic beaking and fragmentation (Langenskiöld classification).
- Management: Physiological bowing resolves spontaneously. Pathological bowing requires bracing (early) or osteotomy (late/severe).