Arterial Pathway of the Upper Limb
The arterial supply follows a continuous, predictable pathway from the axilla to the hand.
| Artery | Anatomical Landmark / Transition |
|---|---|
| Subclavian Artery | Becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the 1st rib. |
| Axillary Artery | Becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major. |
| Brachial Artery | Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at the neck of the radius (cubital fossa). |
| Radial & Ulnar Arteries | Form the superficial and deep palmar arches in the hand. |
High-Yield Clinical Notes:
- Pulse Assessment: The radial artery is the standard site for a pulse; the brachial artery is used for blood pressure measurements.
- Collateral Circulation: The scapular anastomosis (dorsal scapular, suprascapular, and circumflex scapular arteries) provides a vital bypass if the proximal subclavian or axillary artery is occluded.
- Allen Test: Performed prior to radial artery cannulation to ensure the ulnar artery can adequately perfuse the hand.