Learning Objective:
Explain the types, sources, and physiological significance of essential fatty acids and the effects of trans fats on cardiovascular health.
Overview
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are polyunsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained from the diet. Common dietary sources include nuts, seeds, plant oils, and seafood.
| Type | Example | Metabolite / Function |
|---|---|---|
| Omega-6 fatty acid | Linoleic acid | Metabolized to arachidonic acid, a precursor for leukotrienes and prostaglandins |
| Omega-3 fatty acid | Linolenic acid | Provides cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects |
In contrast, trans-unsaturated fatty acids (commonly found in fast food) increase LDL and decrease HDL, thereby promoting cardiovascular disease.
