Learning Objective
Describe the classes of diuretics, their sites of action in the nephron, mechanisms, and associated physiologic effects.
Actions of Diuretics at the Various Renal Tubular Segments
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)
Site:
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Example: Acetazolamide
Osmotic Diuretics
Site:
PCT + thin descending limb
Example: Mannitol
Loop Diuretics
Site:
Thick Ascending Limb (TAL) of Loop of Henle
Examples: Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide
Thiazide Diuretics
Site:
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Examples: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Aldosterone Antagonists
Site:
Collecting duct
Examples: Spironolactone, Eplerenone
ENaC Blockers
Examples: Amiloride, Triamterene
Activity
