Learning Objective
Outline key components of medical care in older adults, including preventive care, required vaccinations, and evidence-based screening recommendations, while applying principles of life expectancy and functional status when deciding on screening tests.
Preventive Care
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Primary & secondary prevention | • Aspirin therapy (when indicated) • Lipid management (statins) • BP control, diabetes control |
| Lifestyle interventions | Smoking cessation, diet modification, and physical activity |
Vaccinations in Older Adults
Illness has higher morbidity and mortality in older adults → vaccinations are essential.
| Vaccine | Notes |
|---|---|
| Tetanus | Td/Tdap boosters every 10 years |
| Diphtheria | Included in Td/Tdap boosters |
| Pneumococcus | PPSV23 and PCV vaccines per guidelines (e.g., ≥65 yrs) |
| Influenza | Annual high-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine |
| Varicella / Zoster | Shingles vaccine recommended in adults ≥50 yrs |
Screening Guidelines
General principle: Screening benefits require >5 years of life expectancy. Always assess comorbidities, functionality, and baseline health.
| Screening Type | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Women aged≥40 |
| Colorectal cancer | Men & women ≥50 |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Men 65–75, especially if ever smoked |
