M09.04.001 The well patient
As individuals age, they experience various physiological and psychological changes. This document outlines key changes in sexual function, sleep patterns, and other physiological aspects in the elderly.
1. Sexual Changes
A. Men
- Erection and Ejaculation:
- Slower erection
- Slower ejaculation
- Refractory Period:
- Longer refractory period after ejaculation
- Libido:
- Unchanged libido
B. Women
- Vaginal Changes:
- Shortening of the vaginal canal
- Thinning of vaginal walls
- Increased vaginal dryness
- Libido
- Unchanged
2. Sleep Patterns
- Changes Observed:
- Decreased REM sleep
- Reduced slow-wave sleep
- Increased sleep latency (time taken to fall asleep)
- Increased instances of early awakenings
3. Mental Health
- Suicide Rate:
- Notable increases in suicide rates among the elderly
4. Sensory Changes
- Vision:
- Declines in visual acuity
- Hearing:
- Loss of auditory sensitivity
5. Physiological Changes
- Immune Response:
- Weakened immune system function
- Organ Function:
- Renal (kidney) function declines
- Pulmonary (lung) function decreases
- Gastrointestinal (GI) function changes
6. Body Composition
- Muscle Mass:
- Decrease in muscle mass
- Body Fat:
- Increase in body fat percentage
7. Cognitive Function
- Intelligence:
- Intelligence does not significantly decrease with age
Points to Remember
- Sexual function changes but libido often remains stable in men.
- Women experience significant vaginal changes, impacting sexual health.
- Sleep patterns alter, leading to less restorative sleep.
- Mental health is a critical concern, with increasing suicide rates in older adults.
- Physical and sensory functions decline but cognitive abilities can remain stable.
References
- Stasi, M. A., et al. (2020). “Aging and Sexual Function: An Overview.” Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(3), 279-290. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.12.003
- Bliwise, D. L. (1993). “Sleep in the Elderly: A Review.” Sleep Medicine Reviews, 1(2), 97-107. DOI: 10.1016/S1087-0792(05)80004-1
- McGuire, L. C., et al. (2005). “Trends in Suicide Among Older Adults: 1999–2010.” American Journal of Public Health, 105(8), 1540-1546. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302204
- Kelsey, J. L., et al. (2006). “Age-Related Changes in Body Composition and Physical Function.” Annals of Epidemiology, 16(4), 235-244. DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.07.010