K1.04 Anatomy Questions 2015

1. A mother of a newborn complains of her baby’s constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it evidence of?
    1. Labium leporium
    2. Anal atresia
    3. Faux lupinum
    4. Esophageal atresia
    5. Esophageal fistula ✅

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2. A patient’s blood was analyzed, and the decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the list below is accompanied by decreased ESR?
    1. Polycytemia ✅
    2. Vitamin B deficiency
    3. Hepatitis
    4. Myocardial infarction
    5. Splenomegaly

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3. A 32-year-old patient has been diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of Bartholin’s glands). In what part of the female urogenital system are the Bartholin’s glands located?
    1. The vagina
    2. The labia minora
    3. The clitoris
    4. The uterus
    5. The labia majora ✅

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4. The patient has come to the hospital from the smelting workshop in a state of hyperthermia. What is the direct cause of loss of consciousness due the heat stroke?
    1. Decreased brain blood supply ✅
    2. Increased water loss through sweating
    3. Decrease in heart output
    4. Arterial pressure drop
    5. Dilatation of peripheral vessels

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5. Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of the occipital fontanelle. When should it normally close?
    1. Until 3 months
    2. Before the child is born
    3. Until the end of the first year of life
    4. Until 6 months ✅
    5. Until the end of the second year of life

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6. Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
    1. Myometrium
    2. Mesometrium
    3. Endometrium
    4. Parametrium ✅
    5. Perimetrium

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7. A 45-year-old man with domestic upper arm injury came to the trauma unit. The objective data are: there are no extension, adduction or pronation functions of the arm. What muscle damage caused this condition?
    1. Subscapular
    2. Teres major
    3. Teres minor
    4. Supraspinous
    5. Subspinous ✅

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8. A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department with complaints of abrupt sharp pain in the epigastric region. After examination it was diagnosed: perforated ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach. Where did content of the stomach flow out while perforation?
    1. To the proventriculus sack
    2. To the right mesenteric sinus
    3. To the liver bursa
    4. To the left mesenteric sinus
    5. To the omental bursa ✅

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9. A 6-month-old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart from changes associated with bronchi, the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
    1. The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age ✅
    2. It’s the effect of bronchitis
    3. It is caused by abnormal position
    4. It is caused by neoplastic process
    5. It is caused by thymus inflammation

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10. Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
    1. Subclavicular vein
    2. External jugular vein
    3. Jugular venous arch ✅
    4. Inferior thyroid artery
    5. Superior thyroid artery

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11. Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn’t spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
    1. By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
    2. By pure oxygen inhalation
    3. By artificial pulmonary ventilation
    4. By surfactant introduction ✅
    5. By glucose introduction

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12. After trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the surface of blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped with restoration of bloodstream?
    1. Aa. digitales palmares communes
    2. Arcus palmaris superficialis
    3. Aa. metacarpeae palmares
    4. Aa. perforantes ✅
    5. Arcus palmaris profundus

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13. Succinate dehydrogenase catalyses the dehydrogenation of succinate. Malonic acid HOOC-CH₂-COOH is used to interrupt the action of this enzyme. Choose the inhibition type:
    1. Allosteric
    2. Non-competitive
    3. Limited proteolysis
    4. Competitive ✅
    5. Dephosphorylation

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14. An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating wound in the left lateral region of abdomen. What part of the large intestine is most likely damaged?
    1. Caecum
    2. Rectum
    3. Colon ascendens
    4. Colon transversum
    5. Colon descendens ✅

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15. A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
    1. Duodenum
    2. Ileum ✅
    3. Jejunum
    4. Caecum
    5. Colon ascendens

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16. A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
    1. Superior and inferior lingular
    2. Apical and posterior basal
    3. Apical and median basal
    4. Medial and lateral
    5. Apical, posterior, anterior ✅

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17. A 35-year-old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II–V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
    1. Profound finger flexor
    2. Superficial finger flexor ✅
    3. Lumbrical muscles
    4. Palmar interosseous muscles
    5. Dorsal interosseous muscles

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18. An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis might have been damaged in this region?
    1. a. subclavia et a. ophthalmica
    2. a. carotis interna et a. subclavia
    3. a. carotis externa et a. subclavia
    4. a. carotis interna et a. ophthalmica
    5. a. carotis externa et a. carotis interna ✅

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19. A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
    1. Tr. cortico-nuclearis ✅
    2. Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
    3. Tr. cortico-thalamicus
    4. Tr. cortico-spinalis
    5. Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus

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20. A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
    1. Anti-inflammatory
    2. Antishock
    3. Immunosuppressive ✅
    4. Antiallergic
    5. Antitoxic

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21. A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin can cause it?
    1. Protoporphyrin
    2. Uroporphyrinogen 1 ✅
    3. Uroporphyrinogen 2
    4. Heme
    5. Coproporphyrinogen 3

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22. A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of white color and 5–10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal folds achromic ovums of unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is parasiting on the child?
    1. Enterobius vermicularis ✅
    2. Trichuris
    3. Ancylostoma duodenalis
    4. Trichina
    5. Ascaris lumbricoides

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23. A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
    1. Digitus medius
    2. Digitus minimus ✅
    3. Pollex
    4. Digitus anularis
    5. Index

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24. A 50-year-old patient had hemorrhage of the brain and was taken to the hospital. The place of hemorrhage was revealed on the lateral hemispheres surfaces during the medical examination. What artery was injured?
    1. The posterior cerebral artery
    2. The anterior cerebral artery
    3. The middle cerebral artery ✅
    4. The posterior communicating artery
    5. The anterior communicating artery

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25. A 55-year-old patient was hospitalized as a result of trauma to the medial group of femoral muscles. What kind of movements is the patient unable to do?
    1. Abduction of femur
    2. Extension of femur
    3. Flexion of femur
    4. Adduction of femur ✅
    5. Suppination of femur

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26. A 35-year-old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
    1. Inferior nasal turbinate
    2. Median nasal turbinate
    3. Vestibule of nose
    4. Common nasal meatus
    5. Superior nasal turbinate ✅

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27. A young man felt sharp pain in the back during active tightening on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving the upper extremity, limited pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle is presented?
    1. M. levator scapulae
    2. M. subscapularis
    3. M. romboideus major
    4. M. latissimus dorsi ✅
    5. M. trapezius

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28. Vegetative abnormalities in sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, and diabetes insipidus are developing in a patient due to growth of a tumour in the III ventricle of the brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause these symptoms?
    1. Mesencephalic tegmentum
    2. Cerebral peduncles (crura cerebri)
    3. Pons cerebelli
    4. Hypothalamus ✅
    5. Medulla

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29. In the course of a small pelvis operation, it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
    1. Round ligament of uterus
    2. Uterine tube
    3. Urethra
    4. Internal iliac vein
    5. Ureter ✅

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30. A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
    1. Anconeus muscle
    2. Biceps muscle of arm
    3. Coracobrachial muscle
    4. Triceps muscle of arm ✅
    5. Brachial muscle

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31. After a road accident a driver was delivered to the hospital with an injury of the medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve might be damaged in this case?

1. n. Ulnaris
2. n. muscolocutaneus
3. n. axillaris
4. n. medianus
5. n. radialis ✅

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32. A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:

1. Subscapular nerve
2. Dorsal scapular nerve
3. Axillary nerve ✅
4. Subclavicular nerve
5. Throracodorsal nerve

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33. A patient has been brought to the hospital with complaints of headache, pain in left hypochondrium… The attacks repeat rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited an African country. The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics is necessary to use?

1. Immunological tests
2. Stool examination
3. Examination of vaginal and urethral discharge
4. Blood examination ✅
5. Urine examination

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34. A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia development?

1. Oxidative phosphorylation
2. Tissue respiration
3. Peroxide decomposition
4. Anaerobic glycolysis ✅
5. Aminoacids desamination

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35. A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Urethra is split on top and urine runs out. What anomaly is this?

1. Phimosis
2. Hermaphroditism
3. Hypospadia
4. Epispadia ✅
5. Paraphimosis

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36. Aortic arch aneurysm caused vocal alteration. What nerve was constricted?

1. Diaphragmatic
2. Superior laryngeal
3. Mandibular
4. Sublingual
5. Recurrent laryngeal ✅

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37. A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structure is likely damaged?

1. Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window ✅
2. Muscles of middle ear
3. Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema
4. Tympanic membrane
5. Eustachian tube

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38. Cerebrospinal fluid puncture—needle went through which ligament?

1. Yellow (flaval) ✅
2. Anterior longitudinal
3. Iliolumbar
4. Intertransverse
5. Posterior longitudinal

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39. Malignancy of thoracic esophagus. What are its regional lymph nodes?

1. Nodi lymphatici prevertebralis
2. Nodi lymphatici mediastinales posteriors ✅
3. Nodi lymphatici paratrachealis
4. Nodi lymphatici pericardiales laterals
5. Anulus lymphaticus cardiae

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40. Penetrating wound above lesser curvature of stomach. Which peritoneum formation is likely injured?

1. Ligamentum gastrocolicum
2. Ligamentum hepatoduodenale
3. Ligamentum hepatorenale
4. Ligamentum hepatogastricum ✅
5. Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum

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41. A 19-year-old female with signs of hyperthyroidism. Which hormone is elevated?

1. Cortisol
2. Thyroxine ✅
3. Insulin
4. ACTH
5. Mineralocorticoids

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42. Acute tonsillitis, inflammation between palatine arches. Which tonsil?

1. Tonsilla palatine ✅
2. Tonsilla lingualis
3. Tonsilla tubaria
4. Tonsilla pharyngealis

43. Child inspired button. Where is it likely to be?

1. In the left main bronchus
2. In the right main bronchus ✅
3. In the larynx
4. In the trachea
5. In the gullet

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44. A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?

1. Peroneal artery
2. Posterior tibial artery
3. Popliteal artery ✅
4. Proximal part of femoral artery
5. Anterior tibial artery

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45. A 7-year-old child can’t abduct the shoulder, raise it to the horizontal level. He can raise the hand to the face only with dorsal side with abduction of the shoulder (with help of supraspinous muscle ) – “bugler” arm. Active function of what muscle is absent?

1. Teres minor
2. Infraspinous
3. Pectoral major
4. Deltoid ✅
5. Teres major

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46. A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm aside from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?

1. N.radialis
2. N.medianus
3. N.axillaris ✅
4. N.ulnaris
5. N.subclavius

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47. A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?

1. Catecholamines ✅
2. Aldosterone
3. ACTH
4. Glucocorticoids
5. Thyroidal hormones

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48. A man after 1.5 litre blood loss has suddenly reduced diuresis. The increased secretion of what hormone caused such diuresis alteration?

1. Parathormone
2. Cortisol
3. Natriuretic
4. Vasopressin ✅
5. Corticotropin

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49. In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:

1. Median colic
2. Dexter colic
3. Ileocolic
4. Superior mesenteric artery ✅
5. Sinister colic

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50. Only one factor can influence the charge of amino acid radicals in the active centre of enzyme. Name this factor:

1. Temperature
2. Pressure
3. The presence of a competitive inhibitor
4. The surplus of a product
5. pH medium ✅

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51. A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:

1. Right mesenteric sinus
2. Vesicouterine pouch
3. Rectouterine pouch
4. Omental bursa ✅
5. Left mesenteric sinus

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52. A 35-year-old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II–V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?

1. Palmar interosseous muscles
2. Lumbrical muscles ✅
3. Dorsal interosseous muscles
4. Superficial finger flexor
5. Profound finger flexor

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53. A patient’s knee joint doesn’t extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?

1. Big fibular nerve
2. Superior gluteal nerve
3. Obturator nerve
4. Femoral nerve ✅
5. Inferior gluteal nerve

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54. A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?

1. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
2. Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
3. Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
4. Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
5. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus ✅

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55. The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extension of subcutaneous venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper extremities. What venous trunk is pressed with tumour?

1. Internal jugular vein
2. External jugular vein
3. Clavicular vein
4. Frontal jugular vein
5. Superior vena cava ✅

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56. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord puncture was made. What anatomic formation was punctured?

1. Spatium epidurale
2. Spatium subdurale
3. Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
4. Cavum trigeminale
5. Spatium subarachnoideum ✅

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57. A patient in three weeks after acute myocardial infarction has pain in the heart and joints and pneumonia. What is the main mechanism of development of post-infarction Dressler’s syndrome?

1. Resorption of enzymes from necrotized area of myocardium
2. Vessels’ thrombosis
3. Secondary infection
4. Ischemia of myocardium
5. Autoimmune inflammation ✅

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58. A patient who suffers from cancer of the back of the tongue has intense bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?

1. Deep lingual artery
2. Ascending pharyngeal artery
3. Lingual artery
4. Dorsal lingual artery ✅
5. Facial artery

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59. A 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:

1. Inferior gluteal
2. External iliac
3. Obturator ✅
4. Femoral
5. Internal pudendal

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60. A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with hypothalamic lateral nuclei stroke. What changes in patient’s behavior may be expected?

1. Aggressive behavior ✅
2. Thirst
3. Depression
4. Unsatisfied hunger
5. The rejection of food

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61. Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?

1. Posterior cerebral artery
2. Anterior communicating artery
3. Anterior cerebral artery
4. Middle cerebral artery ✅
5. Basilar artery

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62. Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?

1. Hypospadia ✅
2. Epispadia
3. Monorchism
4. Hermaphroditism
5. Cryptorchism

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63. The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical trainings. What substance is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case?

1. Pyruvate
2. Glucose
3. Glutamate
4. Alanine ✅
5. Lactate

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64. A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus. Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?

1. n.facialis
2. n.abducens
3. n.trochlearis
4. n.trigeminus
5. n.aculomotorius ✅

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65. The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of differential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbar puncture safe?

1. L V-S I
2. L II-L III ✅
3. L I-L II
4. Th XII-L I
5. L III-L IV

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66. Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?

1. To the interpterygoid space
2. To the orbit ✅
3. To the frontal sinus
4. To the subgaleal temporal space
5. To the tympanic cavity

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67. Usually, the intravenous injection is done into the median cubital vein because it is slightly movable due to fixation by the soft tissues. What does it fix in the cubital fossa?

1. Anconeus muscle
2. Aponeurosis of biceps muscle
3. Brachial muscle
4. Tendon of the triceps muscle
5. Brachioradial muscle ✅

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68. Nowadays, about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:

1. Cytosine
2. Adenine
3. Uracil
4. Cysteine
5. Dihydrouracil ✅

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69. A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (long-term retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of the initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:

1. Pars inferior
2. Pars descendens
3. Pars superior ✅
4. Flexura duodeni inferior
5. Pars ascendens

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70. After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into the middle ear?

1. Through the auditory tube ✅
2. Through canalis caroticus
3. Through atrium mastoideum
4. Through foramen jugularis
5. Through canalis nasolacrimalis

71. The electronic microphoto of kidney fragment has exposed afferent glomerular arteriole, which has giant cells under its endothelium, containing secretory granules. Name the type of these cells:

1. Smooth muscular
2. Juxtaglomerular ✅
3. Juxtavascular
4. Mesangial
5. Interstitial

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72. A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?

1. Long flexor muscle of thumb ✅
2. Short flexor muscle of thumb
3. Short abductor muscle of thumb
4. Abductor muscle of thumb
5. Opposer muscle of thumb

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73. Where should the catheter for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?

1. To the left venous corner
2. To the right venous corner
3. To the left inguinal vein
4. To the superior vena cava
5. To the inferior vena cava ✅

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74. An injured man has bleeding from branches of the carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of bleeding, it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra is it?

1. VI ✅
2. III
3. V
4. II
5. IV

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75. An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?

1. The body of the thigh bone
2. Condyle of the thigh
3. The neck of the thigh ✅
4. Pubic bone
5. Ischial bone

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76. A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbar part was delivered to the emergency hospital. During the operation, a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged, but the knife injured one of the muscles of the renal pelvis. What muscle is it?

1. Greater psoas muscle
2. Iliac muscle
3. Abdominal internal oblique muscle ✅
4. Erector muscle of spine
5. Abdominal external oblique muscle

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77. During the endoscopy, the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of the duodenum were the problems found?

1. Ascendant part
2. Bulb
3. Upper horizontal part
4. Descendent part ✅
5. Lower horizontal part

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78. While examining the oral cavity, a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of the tongue. What papillae are inflamed?

1. Papillae vallatae ✅
2. Papillae filiformes
3. Papillae fungiformes
4. Papillae conicae
5. Papillae foliatae

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79. A 6-year-old child fell on the cutting object and traumatized soft tissues between the tibia and fibula. What kind of bone connection was injured?

1. Membrane ✅
2. Ligament
3. Fontanel
4. Gomphosis
5. Suture

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80. During complicated labor, the symphysis pubis ruptured. What organ can be damaged mostly?

1. Rectum
2. Uterine tubes
3. Urinary bladder ✅
4. Ovaria
5. Uterus

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81. In the specimen of one of the parts of the respiratory system, a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well-developed muscular tunic, glands, and cartilage are absent. Name this organ:

1. Larynx
2. Trachea
3. Major bronchi
4. Median bronchi ✅
5. Minor bronchi

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82. Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag, the child often has pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure of ductus arteriosus. Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the intercommunication of the following vessels:

1. Aorta and pulmonary trunk ✅
2. Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
3. Superior cava and aorta
4. Superior cava and pulmonary trunk
5. Aorta and pulmonary veins

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83. During investigation of a patient, it was found that a formation in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres was located in the knee and frontal part of the posterior crus of the internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?

1. Tr. Thalamocorticalis ✅
2. Tr. Frontothalamicus
3. Tr. Pyramidalis
4. Tr. Parietooccipitopontinus
5. Tr. Frontopontinus

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84. A patient was admitted to the surgical department with an inguinal hernia. During the operation, the surgeon performs plastic surgery on the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?

1. Transverse fascia ✅
2. Inguinal ligament
3. Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
4. Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
5. Peritoneum

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85. In the course of an operation, the surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of the pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of the lung was removed?

1. Inferior lobe
2. Bronchopulmonary segment ✅
3. Superior lobe
4. Middle lobe
5. Pulmonary lobule

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86. A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention due to concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:

1. Hepatoduodenal ligament ✅
2. Hepatorenal ligament
3. Hepatogastric ligament
4. Round ligament of liver
5. Venous ligament

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87. The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?

1. Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
2. Heart temperature
3. Rest potential of cardiomyocytes ✅
4. Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels
5. Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels

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88. Three separate bones connected with cartilage in the area of the pelvis cavity are noticed on the X-ray of the pelvis. What are these bones?

1. Sciatic, femoral, sacral
2. Pubic, sciatic, femoral
3. Iliac, sacral, coccyx
4. Iliac, pubic, sciatic ✅
5. Sacral, pubic, coccyx

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89. A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centers regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of the cerebral cortex is the respective center normally localized?

1. Supramarginal gyrus
2. Superior part of precentral gyrus ✅
3. Superior parietal lobule
4. Angular gyrus
5. Inferior part of precentral gyrus

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90. Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor calyces only (major calyces were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a kidney was revealed?

1. Fetal ✅
2. Embryonal
3. Mature
4. Ampullar

91. A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?

1. M.sternocleidomastoideus
2. M.latissimus dorsi
3. M.rhomboideus minor
4. M.trapezius ✅
5. M.scalenus anterior

92. A 30-year-old patient was hospitalized due to bleeding of the facial artery. What place on the face has to be pressed to stop bleeding?

1. The mental process
2. The mandible’s edge
3. The mandible’s branch
4. The nose’s back
5. The molar bone ✅

93. A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?

1. Rubrospinal tract
2. Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle ✅
3. Anterior spinocerebellar tract
4. Tectospinal tract
5. Reticulospinal tract

94. After a trauma, a patient lost the ability of elbow extension. This might have been caused by dysfunction of the following main muscle:

1. m. subscapularis
2. m. teres major
3. m. infraspinatus
4. m. levator scapulae
5. m. triceps brachii ✅

95. Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin on the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the most likely localization of the primary tumour:

1. Mammary gland ✅
2. Lung
3. Stomach
4. Submandibular salivary gland
5. Thyroid gland

96. A histological specimen presents a parenchymal organ, which has cortex and medulla. Cortex consists of epitheliocytes bars with blood capillaries between them; the bars form three zones. Medulla consists of chromaffinocytes and venous sinusoids. Which organ has these morphological features?

1. Kidney
2. Thymus
3. Lymph node
4. Adrenal gland ✅
5. Thyroid

97. A 18-year-old patient came to the outpatient department with complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injury of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into the nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?

1. Nasal roller
2. Choanes
3. Nostrils
4. Nasal limen ✅
5. Nasal septa

98. A 19-year-old patient was diagnosed with appendicitis and was hospitalized. The surgical operation on ablating appendix vermiformis is to be performed. What artery must be fixed to stop bleeding during the surgical operation?

1. The ileocolic artery ✅
2. The colica media
3. The colica sinistra
4. The colica dextra
5. The iliac

99. A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?

1. Lumbrical muscles
2. Long flexors of fingers
3. Extensors
4. Breviflexors of fingers
5. Interosseous muscles ✅

100. A patient has lost skin sensitivity in the region of the medial surface of his shoulder. This is the result of dysfunction of the following nerve:

1. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve ✅
2. Axillary nerve
3. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
4. Radial nerve
5. Ulnar nerve

101. After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral cortex:

1. Gyrus lingualis
2. Gyrus angularis
3. Gyrus paracentralis
4. Gyrus parahippocampalis
5. Gyrus supramarginalis ✅

102. A 5-year-old child was admitted to the otorhinolaryngological department with diagnosis – suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Disease started from the inflammation of the nasopharynx. Through the what canal of the temporal bone did the infection get into the tympanic cavity?

1. Tympanic Canaliculus tympanicus
2. Carotid canal
3. Canaliculus chordal tympani
4. Canaliculi caroticotympanici
5. Musculortubal canal ✅

103. A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?

1. Sublingual
2. Trochlear
3. Vagus
4. Trigeminus
5. Vestibulocochlear ✅

104. A patient complains about edema of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on one side of the lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged veins, formation of nodes. The pathological process has started in the following vein:

1. V. saphena magna
2. V. profunda femoris
3. V. iliaca externa
4. V. femoralis
5. V. saphena parva ✅

105. A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:

1. Uterine and ovarian ✅
2. Uterine and inferior cystic
3. Inferior cystic and ovarian
4. Uterine and superior cystic
5. Superior cystic and ovarian

106. Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?

1. Intermediate lateral nucleus
2. Proper nucleus of the anterior horn ✅
3. Proper nucleus of gray substance
4. Thoracic nucleus
5. Proper nucleus of the posterior horn

107. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Dysfunction of what vessel is likely to be?

1. Aorta abdominalis
2. Vena cava superior
3. Vena cava inferior ✅
4. Vena porta
5. Vena hepatica

108. Brain tomography revealed a tumor in the region of the red nucleus. What part of the brain is damaged?

1. Cerebellum
2. Midbrain ✅
3. Interbrain
4. Pons cerebella
5. Medulla oblongata

109. As a result of an accident a patient has intense pain and edema of the anterior crus surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be disturbed?

1. M.tibialis anterior ✅
2. M.flexor digitorum longus
3. M.peroneus longus
4. M.flexor hallucis longus
5. M.peroneus brevis

110. Obstructive jaundice developed in a 60-year-old patient because of a malignant tumor of the big papillary of the duodenum. The lumen of what anatomical structure is squeezed with the tumor?

1. Hepatopancreatic ampulla ✅
2. Cystic duct
3. Common hepatic duct
4. Right hepatic duct
5. Left hepatic duct

111. A 25-year-old patient complained of decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated pupil, not reacting to light were revealed on examination. The function of what muscles is disturbed?

1. Inferior oblique muscle, ciliary
2. Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary
3. Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
4. Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
5. Pupil narrowing and dilating muscle ✅

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112. Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?

1. Radial
2. Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
3. Musculocutaneous nerve
4. Ulnar ✅
5. Cardiac cutaneous nerve

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113. A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine – oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?

1. Reduced permeability of renal filter
2. Drop of oncotic blood pressure
3. Decreased number of functioning glomerules
4. Decreased glomerular filtration ✅
5. Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries

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114. A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra. As a result, he has a considerable increase in curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Which ligament damage can induce such changes in the spine curvature?

1. Iliolumbar ligament
2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
3. Yellow ligament
4. Anterior longitudinal ligament ✅
5. Interspinous ligament

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115. A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes in blood count: erythrocytes – 4,010¹²/l, Hb – 120 g/l, color index – 0.9, leukocytes – 1810⁹/l, basophils – 0, eosinophils – 0, myelocytes – 0, juvenile – 0, stab neutrophils – 20, segmentonuclear neutrophils – 53, lymphocytes – 21, monocytes – 5. How is such nuclear shift of leukocytic formula called?

1. Hyperregenerative
2. Degenerative left shift ✅
3. Right shift
4. Regeneratively-degenerative
5. Regenerative left shift

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116. A 25-year-old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were too small, and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?

1. Keeled chest
2. Funnel chest ✅
3. Cylindrical chest
4. Flat chest
5. Barrel chest

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117. A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of the mammary process during shaving. Two days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of the arachnoid membranes. How did the infection penetrate into the cavity of the skull?

1. V.v. tympanicae
2. V.v. labyrinthi
3. V. facialis ✅
4. V.v. auriculares
5. V. emissariae mastoidea

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118. Slime, blood, and protozoa 30-200 microns in length have been revealed in a man’s feces. The body is covered with cilia and has a correct oval form with a slightly narrowed forward end and a wide round-shaped back end. On the forward end, a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm, there are two nuclei and two short vacuoles. For whom are the described attributes typical?

1. Lamblia
2. Dysenteric amoeba
3. Balantidium ✅
4. Intestinal amoeba
5. Trichomonas

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119. During the fetal period of development, the vascular system of the fetus includes a large arterial (Botallo’s) duct that converts into lig. arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect?

1. Pulmonary trunk and aorta ✅
2. Right and left auricle
3. Aorta and inferior vena cava
4. Aorta and superior vena cava
5. Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava

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120. A patient with neuritis of the femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of the thigh as well as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle’s function is disturbed?

1. Triceps muscle of the thigh
2. Biceps muscle of the thigh
3. Semitendinous muscle
4. Quadriceps muscle of the thigh ✅
5. Semimembranous muscle

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121. Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?

1. Tonsilla palatine
2. Tonsilla lingualis
3. Tonsilla pharyngea ✅
4. Tonsilla tubaria

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122. Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?

1. Ileum
2. Colon sigmoideum ✅
3. Colon ascendens
4. Colon transversum
5. Caecum

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123. A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?

1. Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles
2. Left atrium
3. Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles ✅
4. Right atrium
5. Right atrioventricular valve

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124. A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma unit because of domestic shoulder trauma. Objectively, flexibility, reduction, and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?

1. Infraspinous muscle
2. Teres major muscle
3. Supraspinous muscle
4. Subscapular muscle ✅
5. Teres minor muscle

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125. A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was withdrawn, he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure, and weakness. What is the reason for this condition?

1. Hyperproduction of ACTH
2. Sensibilization
3. Appearance of adrenal insufficiency ✅
4. Habituation
5. Cumulation

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126. During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child, her ligament was damaged, which caused bleeding. What ligament was damaged?

1. Iliofemoral
2. Perpendicular to the acetabulum
3. The head of the thigh
4. Pubofemoral ✅
5. Ischiofemoral

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127. A man suffering from osteochondrosis got acute pain in the abdominal muscles (lateral and anterior). During objective examination, a physician diagnosed increased pain sensitivity of the skin in the hypogastric region. This pain might be caused by the affection of the following nerve:

1. Femoral
2. Sciatic
3. Obturator
4. Genitofemoral ✅
5. Iliohypogastric

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128. Cerebral trauma caused an increase in ammonia formation. What amino acid takes part in the removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?

1. Tyrosine
2. Valine
3. Glutamic ✅
4. Lysine
5. Tryptophan

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129. A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of the abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?

1. Right mesenteric sinus
2. Hepatic bursa
3. Omental bursa ✅
4. Antegastric bursa
5. Left mesenteric sinus

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130. While palpating the mammary gland of a patient, a doctor revealed an induration in the form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:

1. Posterior mediastinal
2. Profound lateral cervical
3. Bronchopulmonary
4. Superior diaphragmal
5. Parasternal ✅

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131. A patient has pain, edema, and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperior area of his thigh and his foot’s thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory process?

1. Internal longitudinal
2. Superficial inguinal ✅
3. Deep inguinal
4. Superficial longitudinal
5. General longitudinal

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132. Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of the mammillary process sockets. What wall of the tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate the sockets through?

1. Posterior
2. Lateral
3. Anterior
4. Medial ✅
5. Superior

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133. A patient complains of frequent and difficult urination. What imperfection of what formation can cause it?

1. Testicle adnexa
2. Testicles
3. Bulb-uretic glands
4. Prostate ✅
5. Sperm bubbles

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134. While operating in the area of the axillary crease, a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of the brachial plexus. What artery is it?

1. A.axillaris ✅
2. A.vertebralis
3. A.subscapularis
4. A. Profunda brachii
5. A. transversa colli

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135. The alveolar ventilation of the patient is 5 L/min, the breath frequency is 10 per/minute, and the tidal volume is 700 ml. What is the patient’s dead space ventilation?

1. 0,7 L/min
2. 1,0 L/min
3. 4,3 L/min
4. 2,0 L/min ✅

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136. A man with internal abdominal right-side injury and suspicion of liver rupture was admitted to the traumatological department. In what peritoneal structure will blood accumulate?

1. Excavatio rectovesicalis
2. Bursa omentalis
3. Recessus intersigmoideus
4. Fossa ischio-analis
5. Recessus duodenalis inferior ✅

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137. A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of the greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of the urogenital system are these glands localized?

1. The large lips of the pudendum
2. Uterus
3. Vagina
4. Small lips of pudendum ✅
5. Clitoris

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138. While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of a hernia, a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?

1. Urarchus
2. Lig. Inguinalе
3. Funiculus spermaticus ✅
4. Lig. teres uteri

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139. An ovarian tumour was diagnosed in the woman. Surgery was indicated. What ligament should be cut by the surgeon to disconnect the ovary and the uterus?

1. Lateral umbilical ligament
2. Broad ligament of the uterus
3. Suspensory ligament of the ovary ✅
4. The ovarian ligament
5. Round ligament of the uterus

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140. A 45-year-old man fell on his right knee and felt acute pain in the joint. On examination, severe edema on the anterior surface of the knee joint. Crunching sounds are heard while moving the joint. Which bone is destroyed?

1. Neck of the thigh bone
2. Knee-cap ✅
3. Head of the thigh bone
4. Right epicondyle of the thigh
5. Left epicondyle of the thigh

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141. After resection of the middle third of the femoral artery obliterated by a thrombosis, the lower extremity is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in the reestablishment of blood flow:

1. Descending genicular artery
2. Superficial epigastric artery
3. Superficial circumflex artery of the hip bone
4. Deep external pudendal artery
5. Deep femoral artery ✅

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142. While preparing a patient for the operation, the heart chambers were measured. In one of them, the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of the heart was it?

1. Right atrium
2. Left atrium
3. Left ventricle ✅
4. Right ventricle